Maternal and Neonatal Vaccination Protects Newborn Baboons From Pertussis Infection

Warfel, Jason M.; Papin, James F.; Wolf, Roman F.; Zimmerman, Lindsey I.; Merkel, Tod J.

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiu090

Cited by 55 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…33 The role of maternal immunization in preventing infant pertussis was shown in baboons. 34 The safety and effectiveness of maternal immunization when the vaccine is administered at least 1 week before delivery in preventing disease and deaths in infants ,3 months of age have been reported in England. 35,36 In addition to reducing exposure among newborns to sick household members, the ACIP recommends a strategy of "cocooning," 37 which requires that persons who are likely to be in contact with the newborn be up-todate with vaccination with an ageappropriate pertussis vaccine (DTaP, Tdap).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Pertussis Vaccine Dose and Prevention of Infant Mortality

2015

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BACKGROUND: American infants are at highest risk of severe pertussis and death. We investigated the role of $1 pertussis vaccinations in preventing pertussis-related deaths and risk markers for death among infants aged ,42 days. METHODS:We analyzed characteristics of fatal and nonfatal infant pertussis cases reported nationally during 1991-2008. Infants were categorized into 2 age groups on the basis of eligibility to receive a first pertussis vaccine dose at age 6 weeks; dose 1 was considered valid if given $14 days before illness onset. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the effect of $1 pertussis vaccine doses on outcome and risk markers.RESULTS: Pertussis-related deaths occurred among 258 of 45 404 cases. Fatal and nonfatal cases were confirmed by culture (54% vs 49%) and polymerase chain reaction (31% vs 27%). All deaths occurred before age 34 weeks at illness onset; 64% occurred before age 6 weeks. Among infants aged $42 days, receiving $1 doses of vaccine protected against death (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.28; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.11-0.74), hospitalization (aOR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.63-0.77), and pneumonia (aOR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.68-0.95). Risk was elevated for Hispanic ethnicity (aOR: 2.28; 95% CI: 1.36-3.83) and American Indian/Alaska Native race (aOR: 5.15; 95% CI: 2.37-11.2) and lower for recommended antibiotic treatment (aOR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.16-0.47). Among infants aged ,42 days, risk was elevated for Hispanic ethnicity and lower with recommended antibiotic use. CONCLUSIONS:The first pertussis vaccine dose and antibiotic treatment protect against death, hospitalization, and pneumonia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Pertussis Vaccine Dose and Prevention of Infant Mortality

2015

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“…What is different is the type of cellular immune response. Using the baboon model, this has been demonstrated [65][66][67]. Specifically after DTwP, the cellular response is a Th1 and Th17 response, whereas following DTaP, the response is a Th1/ Th2 response.…”

Section: Why Do Dtap and Tdap Vaccines Failmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Studies in mice have led to much misinformation relating to pertussis and its prevention. The recently developed baboon model has already clarified some areas relating to B. pertussis infection [65][66][67]. However, whether the pathology in the baboon is the same as that in the human infant has not yet been determined.…”

Section: Microbiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The History of Pertussis (Whooping Cough); 1906–2015: Facts, Myths, and Misconceptions

Cherry

2015

Curr Epidemiol Rep

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Pertussis and Bordetella pertussis infections since 1906 are reviewed with an attempt to address facts, myths, and misconceptions. Clinical pertussis is a noninflammatory illness which occurs without fever or productive cough, and its hallmark is the distinctive paroxysmal cough. Because of its significant mortality and morbidity, whole-cell vaccines were developed in the 1930s, and the universal use of these vaccines decreased the incidence of reported pertussis 157-fold by 1970. Because of real and perceived reactions to diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and whole cell pertussis vaccine (DTwP) vaccines, diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) vaccines were developed and put into universal use in the USA in 1997. Pertussis has two epidemiologies; one is reported pertussis and the other is B. pertussis illness. The study of these two epidemiologies indicate that reported pertussis is just the tip of the iceberg and B. pertussis cough illnesses occur in all age groups and they are very common; also, asymptomatic infection is more common than symptomatic infection. DTaP vaccines are less reactogenic than DTwP vaccines, but their effectiveness is less. B. pertussis infection is caused by many protein antigens, but illness due to this organism is caused by just two factors, pertussis toxin (PT) and a Bcough toxinŵ hich, as yet, has not been discovered. The present Bresurgence of pertussis^is mainly due to greater awareness and the use of PCR for diagnosis. There are also many other factors which have contributed to the Bresurgence.^New vaccines are clearly needed; with our present vaccines (DTaP and adolescent and adult formulated tetanus and diphtheria toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap)), if used correctly, severe pertussis and deaths in infants can be prevented.

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“…There is preliminary evidence of protective efficacy of maternal pertussis vaccination against pertussis disease in newborn infants [36]; a nonhuman primate challenge model of pertussis has also demonstrated protective efficacy of Tdap booster vaccination of pregnant baboons against pertussis disease in their newborn, following challenge with B. pertussis at 5 weeks of age [37]. Accumulating data also indicate excellent maternal and fetal safety of Tdap vaccination during pregnancy [10,15,38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low pertussis toxin antibody levels in two regional cohorts of Canadian pregnant women

Bigham

Konrad

Buynder

et al. 2014

Vaccine

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Maternal and Neonatal Vaccination Protects Newborn Baboons From Pertussis Infection

Abstract: Our results demonstrate that neonatal vaccination and maternal vaccination confer protection in the baboon model and support further study of these strategies for protection of newborns from pertussis.

Cited by 55 publications

References 32 publications

First Pertussis Vaccine Dose and Prevention of Infant Mortality

First Pertussis Vaccine Dose and Prevention of Infant Mortality

The History of Pertussis (Whooping Cough); 1906–2015: Facts, Myths, and Misconceptions

Low pertussis toxin antibody levels in two regional cohorts of Canadian pregnant women

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