Maternal and neonatal outcomes and determinants of iodine deficiency in third trimester of pregnancy in an iodine sufficient area

Abstract

Background: Mild to moderate iodine deficiency in pregnant women may expose them to the increased risk of the development of goiter and thyroid disorder. There is a relationship between low maternal UIC (Urinary iodine concentration) in pregnancy and diminished placental weight and neonatal head circumference. The current study was an attempt to assess iodine nutritional status, its determinants and relationship with maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods: In this population based cross-sectional study, which was conducted from April 2017 to September 2018, information was collected from 884 women of 20-45 years old who referred for periodic pregnancy visits. UIC was measured in random urine samples by applying a manual method which was based on the Sandell-Kolthoff technique. Information related to neonatal and maternal complications was collected from the individuals enrolled in the study through systematic follow-ups of the research team in each hospitals and the referral of trained midwives to the place of delivery and the retrieval of the case files.

The Consumption of Food-Based Iodine in the Immediate Pre-Pregnancy Period in Madrid Is Insufficient. San Carlos and Pregnancy Cohort Study

“…The women who assured the requisite pre-gestational iodine intake with foods presented a lower rate of spontaneous miscarriage, and a lower rate of the composite variable of adverse materno-fetal events than those who did not. Iodine deficiency during pregnancy has been found to be related with materno-fetal complications, such as higher rates of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admissions and preterm delivery [47]. Moderate iodine deficiency is associated with a higher risk of miscarriage, preterm labor and low birth weight.…”

Comparison of Thyroid Hormone Levels between Women Farmers and Non-Farmers in Banten Indonesia

“…In our study, we also found a rate of 16% of preterm birth in farmers. According to Gargari research, iodine deficiency in pregnant women increases the risk of premature birth 3.3-fold [ 37 ]. Government iodination programs using iodized salt are encouraged, and iodized salt is inexpensive and easy to obtain in Indonesia.…”

Iron, iodine and vitamin D deficiencies during pregnancy: epidemiology, risk factors and developmental impacts

“…Dineva et al (78) reported that there was a positive association of maternal age with UI/Creat; however, the relationship may be confounded by the association of maternal age with dietary patterns and iodine-supplement use. In the study by Gargari et al (83) , other factors such as whether the pregnancy was planned, the time since the most recent pregnancy, maternal education level and maternal iodine supplement use prior-to and during pregnancy were associated with better iodine status.…”

“…The setting is also an important factor to consider in interpreting the relationship between body weight and iodine status. In a study of Iranian women by Gargari et al (83) , the odds of UIC <150 μg/l decreased by 13 % for every 1 kg increase in weight during pregnancy, which the authors posit was a proxy indicator of dietary quality.…”