Maternal and fetal outcome among gestational diabetes mellitus mothers treated at a tertiary care maternity hospital

Abstract

Background: Incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in India is alarming. The present study was designed to determine the association between the maternal and fetal outcome with the blood sugar control status at the time of delivery. Methods: It was an analytical follow up study that included 180 antenatal women who met the criteria for GDM with singleton pregnancy irrespective of age, gestational period, parity were included into the study. Those with pre-existing diabetes mellitus, scarred uterus, multiple pregnancy, chronic medical disease and ante partum hemorrhage were excluded. Based on the blood sugar level at the time of delivery GDM mothers were classified into four groups excellent control, optimal control, poor control and no control group. The maternal and fetal outcomes were compared between groups. Results: Nearly 7500 antenatal women were screened and 198 eligible GDM women were selected. Of which 180 cases were successfully completed the follow up. Among the 180 cases of GDM, 74 (41.1%) were in excellent control group, 40 (22.2%) under optimal control, 41 (22.8%) belonged to poor control and 25 (13.8%) were not controlled at the time of delivery. There was statistically significant positive association between poor glycemic control and bad maternal and fetal outcome. Conclusions: Bad maternal and fetal outcomes were statistically higher among mothers with poor and no glycemic control. Strict glycemic control during antenatal period is mandate to avoid bad outcomes. Neonatal care center needs to be well equipped where GDM mothers seek care for delivery.