“…The present knowledge of crayfish behaviour has thus emerged largely from studies conducted under controlled laboratory settings. Such work has addressed defensive responses to predator cues (Stein & Magnuson, 1976;Bouwma & Hazlett, 2001;Herberholz et al, 2004), the influence of shelter and season on diel activity patterns (Westin & Gydemo, 1988;Barbaresi & Gherardi, 2001), and individual behaviours in social contexts including mating (Mason, 1970;Berrill & Arsenault, 1982, maternal behaviour (Hazlett, 1983;Figler et al, 1997Figler et al, , 2001Levi et al, 1999), and aggressive interactions (Rubenstein & Hazlet, 1974;Huber et al, 2001a).…”