“…Collecting and processing sensory information, the brain represents a fundamental organ for the interpretation of the sensory-perceptual ability in vertebrates, as well as its external morphology and volume can be addressed to anatomical and evolutionary studies (Dozo and Martínez, 2016;Vinuesa et al, 2016;Bertrand et al, 2017). Despite this, only few dated studies include paleoneurological aspects of fossil Rhinocerotinae (e.g., Gaudry and Boule, 1888), with the exception of the Late Pleistocene mummified cub of C. antiquitatis from the Yakutia Republic (Russia), whose CT images revealed the presence of several organs including brain tissue (Protopopov et al, 2015). Therefore, the MPND1083 represents one a few natural brain endocasts described in extinct Rhinocerotinae (Figure 6).…”