Materials Stock Accounting of Electrical and Electronic Equipments as Urban Mine

Yamasue, Eiji; Okumura, Hideyuki; Ishihara, Keiichi N.

doi:10.1541/ieejeiss.128.6

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…[11][12][13] In Japan, details of the economy-wide material flow are published in the White Paper on the Environment 14) and the White Paper on Recycling. 15) Of particular significance is a study performed by Yamasue et al 16) From the perspective of urban mines, they estimated the content of various elements in domestic appliances and showed the importance of recycling them. However, in their study, they did not take into account thermodynamic information such as distribution of metals during metallurgical processes, and hence, their study on the recyclability of these metals is not considered to be complete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation Method of Metal Resource Recyclability Based on Thermodynamic Analysis

et al. 2009

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Currently, several metals are commercially recycled from by-products and wastes by metallurgical processing. However, the metallurgical process has each characteristic, which causes limitation for resource recovery. The combinations of elements in secondary resources, such as byproducts and wastes, are often different from those in natural resources. There are even combinations that are not present in natural resources. Conventional metallurgical processes have been optimized for economical and efficient extraction of desired elements only from large amount of ores under constant grade. Therefore, in order to extract metals from secondary resources by the conventional metallurgical process, it is necessary to estimate the recoverability of the constituent elements by taking into account their chemical properties well in advance. In particular, analysis for combination of elements is significantly important.In this study, we developed the evaluation method of metal resources recyclability based on thermodynamic analysis, and made clear the element distribution among gas, slag and metal phases during metal recovery based on thermodynamic analysis. In an application of the method shows that Cu, and precious metals (Ag, Au, Pt, Pd) present in mobile phones can be recovered as metals in the pyrometallurgy process of Cu in a converter, while Pb and Zn can be recovered as vapor. Other elements distributed in the slag phase are difficult to recover. The result of our analysis reflects the trends observed in the distribution of metals in copper metallurgy, thereby indicating the validity of our proposed evaluation method.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation Method of Metal Resource Recyclability Based on Thermodynamic Analysis

et al. 2009

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“…From these standpoints, authors examined a simple evaluation method in which the elemental concentration in natural/urban ore was used as an index, 4,5) then proposed a developed evaluation method using total materials requirement to smelt/recycle the element from natural/urban ore. 6) In the proposed method, the former was defined as ''natural ore TMR, NO-TMR'', and the latter ''urban ore TMR, UO-TMR''. Both indices account for not only direct and indirect input but also hidden flow from respective ores to the element, and therefore they can be regarded as similar index to Materials Intensity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Total Materials Requirement for the Recycling of Elements and Materials (Urban Ore TMR) from End-of-Life Electric Home Appliances

et al. 2009

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Total materials requirement (TMR) for the recycling of elements and materials (Urban Ore TMR) from end-of-life electric home appliances (cathode ray tube TV, liquid crystal display TV, refrigerator, washing machine, air conditioner and microwave oven) have been estimated and evaluated. The estimation were carried out using scenario analyses, in which the number of recycled elements and/or materials was changed considering additional energy for advanced recycling. As the results of the estimation, the urban ore TMR of gold, silver, copper and stainless steel were lower than TMR when they are smelted from natural ore (natural ore TMR) for all the scenarios. The urban ore TMR for iron (steel), aluminum and die-casting aluminum were mainly affected by the dilution ratio using pure element for the recycling. The recyclability of the elements and materials are discussed from the view point of TMR.

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Impact Evaluation of Rare Metals in Waste Mobile Phone and Personal Computer

Yamasue¹,

Numata²,

Okumura³

et al. 2009

J. Japan Inst. Metals

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The amounts discarded laptop PC for home and business use from 1989 2025, desktop PC for home and business use from 1989 2025, mobile phone from 1991 2025 and PHS (handy phone system) from 1996 2025 have been estimated using population balance model. It is found that the discarded amounts of home PC are still increasing after 2010, while that increase rates in case of mobile phone and PHS are slight. The amounts of elements in all the discarded products have been estimated too using literatures and measured values. The impacts of the elements are discussed based on the comparison with domestic demands, the values weighted by total materials requirement (TMR) and the elemental concentration in the products normalized by that in crude ore.

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Materials Stock Accounting of Electrical and Electronic Equipments as Urban Mine

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Evaluation Method of Metal Resource Recyclability Based on Thermodynamic Analysis

Evaluation Method of Metal Resource Recyclability Based on Thermodynamic Analysis

Evaluation of Total Materials Requirement for the Recycling of Elements and Materials (Urban Ore TMR) from End-of-Life Electric Home Appliances

Impact Evaluation of Rare Metals in Waste Mobile Phone and Personal Computer

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