Materials science of cemented carbides — an overview

Upadhyaya, G. S.

doi:10.1016/s0261-3069(01)00007-3

Cited by 332 publications

(124 citation statements)

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“…The main densification mechanism for this is the rearrangement of carbide particles, enhancement of the diffusion, and viscous flow of the binder. 16) Figure 3 shows the XRD patterns of TiC, TiC-5 vol%TiAl, and TiC-10 vol%TiAl, after sintering by the HFIHS method. In all cases, only TiC peaks are detected.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties and Rapid Consolidation of Nanostructured TiC and TiC–TiAl Hard Materials by High-Frequency Induction Heating

Shon

Kwon

2014

Mater. Trans.

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For the formation of composite structures, Co or Ni is added as a binder, in the case of cemented TiC. However, the high cost of Co or Ni, and the low corrosion resistance of TiCCo or TiCNi cermet have generated interest in recent years to find alternative binder phases. It has been reported that aluminides show higher oxidation resistance and hardness, and cheaper materials, compared to Co or Ni. Using a high-frequency induction heated sintering (HFIHS) method, the densification of TiC and TiCTiAl hard materials was accomplished within 3 min. The advantages of this process are the prohibition of grain growth in nano-structured materials, and the rapid densification to near theoretical density. Highly dense TiCTiAl hard materials with a relative packing density of up to 100% were obtained by HFIHS, under a pressure of 80 MPa. The average grain size of the TiC was lower than 100 nm. The addition of TiAl to TiC significantly improves the fracture toughness of cemented TiC, without greatly decreasing the hardness.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties and Rapid Consolidation of Nanostructured TiC and TiC–TiAl Hard Materials by High-Frequency Induction Heating

Shon

Kwon

2014

Mater. Trans.

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“…Hard materials consisted of hard phases and binder phases. The hard phases provided the properties of high strength, hardness and wear resistance, while the binder phases provided the necessary toughness for the material deformation 5,6) . So far the metal-carbides, -nitrides and -borides were commonly used as hard phases 7) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the low reserves and re ning ef ciency of the W in uenced the continued supply and energy conservation. Simultaneously, Co was rare in storage resulted in the short supply and prevailing high market price 5) . Furthermore, Co as the binder had several drawbacks related to environmental toxicity 9) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the substitution of the Co for Ni or Fe had been investigated in recent years, since Fe and Ni belong to the transition metal group as Co, and which had excellent mechanical properties 5,13,14) . In addition, the reserves of Fe and Ni were rich which resulted in relatively low price compared with Co. Prakash 15) reported that hard materials with Fe-rich binders had improved mechanical properties such as higher hardness, abrasive wear resistance, and toughness compared to Co bonded cemented carbides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spark Sintering Behavior of Ubiquitously Fe-B and Fe Powders and Characterization of Their Hard Composites

Kang

Choi

et al. 2016

Mater. Trans.

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“…The NaCl-type solid-solutions even exist between binary carbides and nitrides with different transition metals, which consequently results into the formation of a quaternary solid solution such as (Ti,V)(C,N) from TiC-VN [16,104]. The solid solutions are mostly studied on improved mechanical performances of TMC composites or hard coatings, for example in W-Ti-C and W-Hf-C systems [16,105]. However, in most systems, the mutual solubility decreases at lower temperature, leading to separation and precipitation of the binary phases.…”

Section: Ternary Transition-metal Carbidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Formation of Nanolaminated Transition Metal Carbide Thin Films

Lai¹

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The cover image is a simple sketch of structural-chemical relation in between the metal layers in nanolaminated transition metal carbides: Mo2GaC, Mo2Ga2C, and Mo2(Au1-xGax)2C with an in-plane order in the Au-Ga layers, where the last two phases were discovered in this thesis. © Chung-Chuan Lai 2017Printed in Sweden by LiU-Tryck 2017 ISSN 0345-7524 ISBN 978-91-7685-526-3 i AbstractResearch on inherently nanolaminated transition metal carbides is inspired by their unique properties combining metals and ceramics, such as higher damage tolerance, better machinability and lower brittleness compared to the binary counterparts, yet retaining the metallic conductivity. The interesting properties are related to their laminated structure, composed of transition-metal carbide layers interleaved by non-transition-metal (carbide) layers. These materials in thin-film form are particularly interesting for potential applications such as protective coatings and electrical contacts. The goal of this work is to explore nanolaminated transition metal carbides from the aspects of phase formation and crystal growth during thin-film synthesis. This was realized by studying phases in select material systems synthesized from two major approaches, namely, from direct-deposition and post-deposition treatment.The first approach was used in studies on the Mo-Ga-C and Zr-Al-C systems. In the former system, intriguing properties have been predicted for the 3D phases and their 2D derivatives (so called MXenes), while in the latter system, the phases are interesting for nuclear applications.In this work, the discovery of a new Mo-based nanolaminated ternary carbide, Mo2Ga2C, is evidenced from thin-film and bulk processes. Its structure was determined using theoretical and experimental techniques, showing that Mo2Ga2C has Ga double-layers in simple hexagonal stacking between adjacent Mo2C layers, and therefore is structurally very similar to Mo2GaC, except for the additional Ga layers. For the Zr-Al-C system, the optimization of phase composition and structure of Zr2Al3C4 in a thin-film deposition process was studied by evaluating the effect of deposition parameters. I concluded that the formation of Zr2Al3C4 is favored with a plasma flux overstoichiometric in Al, and with a minimum lattice-mismatch to the substrates. Consequently, epitaxial Zr2Al3C4 thin film of high quality were deposited on 4H-SiC(001) substrates at 800 °C.With the approach of post-deposition treatment, the studies were focused on a new method of thermally-induced selective substitution reaction of Au for the non-transition-metal layers in nanolaminated carbides. Here, the reaction mechanism has been explored in Al-containing (Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2) and Ga-containing (Mo2GaC and Mo2Ga2C) phases. The Al and Ga in ii these phases were selectively replaced by Au while the carbide layers remained intact, resulting in the formation of new layered phases, Ti2Au2C, Ti3Au2C2, Mo2AuC, and Mo2(Au1-xGax)2C, respectively. The substitution reaction was explained by fast outward diffus...

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Materials science of cemented carbides — an overview

Cited by 332 publications

References 11 publications

Properties and Rapid Consolidation of Nanostructured TiC and TiC–TiAl Hard Materials by High-Frequency Induction Heating

Properties and Rapid Consolidation of Nanostructured TiC and TiC–TiAl Hard Materials by High-Frequency Induction Heating

Spark Sintering Behavior of Ubiquitously Fe-B and Fe Powders and Characterization of Their Hard Composites

Phase Formation of Nanolaminated Transition Metal Carbide Thin Films

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Materials science of cemented carbides — an overview

Cited by 332 publications

References 11 publications

Properties and Rapid Consolidation of Nanostructured TiC and TiC&ndash;TiAl Hard Materials by High-Frequency Induction Heating

Properties and Rapid Consolidation of Nanostructured TiC and TiC&ndash;TiAl Hard Materials by High-Frequency Induction Heating

Spark Sintering Behavior of Ubiquitously Fe-B and Fe Powders and Characterization of Their Hard Composites

Phase Formation of Nanolaminated Transition Metal Carbide Thin Films

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Properties and Rapid Consolidation of Nanostructured TiC and TiC–TiAl Hard Materials by High-Frequency Induction Heating

Properties and Rapid Consolidation of Nanostructured TiC and TiC–TiAl Hard Materials by High-Frequency Induction Heating