Materials Phenomena Revealed by In Situ Tribometry

Chromik, Richard R.; Strauss, Holger W.; Scharf, Thomas

doi:10.1007/s11837-011-0229-5

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…With this setup, it is possible to perform various tests while observing the contact area, e.g., indentation, creep, and friction tests. Prior groups have primarily used one of two experimental set-ups for optical in-situ tests: sliding a hard, transparent hemisphere against a flat specimen [ 10 , 16 , 17 ], or sliding a hard, transparent flat surface against a hemispherical or flat sample [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. The setup for this work is similar to the latter, in that a 1-mm thick microscope slide is slid under an instrumented probe tip.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precise Correlation of Contact Area and Forces in the Unstable Friction between a Rough Fluoroelastomer Surface and Borosilicate Glass

et al. 2020

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Stick-slip friction of elastomers arises due to adhesion, high local strains, surface features, and viscous dissipation. In situ techniques connecting the real contact area to interfacial forces can reveal the contact evolution of a rough elastomer surface leading up to gross slip, as well as provide high-resolution dynamic contact areas for improving current slip models. Samples with rough surfaces were produced by the same manufacturing processes as machined seals. In this work, a machined fluoroelastomer (FKM) hemisphere was slid against glass, and the stick-slip behavior was captured optically in situ. The influence of sliding velocity on sliding behavior was studied over a range of speeds from 1 µm/s to 100 µm/s. The real contact area was measured from image sequences thresholded using Otsu’s method. The motion of the pinned region was delineated with a machine learning scheme. The first result is that, within the macroscale sticking, or pinned phase, local pinned and partial slip regions were observed and modeled as a combined contact with contributions to friction by both regions. As a second result, we identified a critical velocity below which the stick-slip motion converted from high frequency with low amplitude to low frequency with high amplitude. This study on the sliding behavior of a viscoelastic machined elastomer demonstrates a multi-technique approach which reveals precise changes in contact area before and during pinning and slip.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precise Correlation of Contact Area and Forces in the Unstable Friction between a Rough Fluoroelastomer Surface and Borosilicate Glass

et al. 2020

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“…Tribological properties and the behavior were evaluated by dry sliding and abrasion wear tests. Dry sliding wear tests were conducted using a custom-built linear reciprocating tribometer (ball-on-flat configuration) [22] in ambient air at room temperature (22.6 ± 0.5°C) and humidity (19 ± 5% RH). The sliding wear tests were performed for two specimens of each welding condition in Table 1.…”

Section: Tribology Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribology of a Fe–Cr–B-Based Alloy Coating Fabricated by a Controlled Short-Circuit MIG Welding Process

Sorour

Chromik

Brochu

2013

Metallogr. Microstruct. Anal.

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The aim of this study was to study the microstructure and tribology of a Fe-Cr-B-based alloy coating deposited by a controlled short-circuit metal inert gas welding process onto a 1020 carbon steel substrate with varying input energies. Microstructure analysis showed that the as-deposited alloy consisted of (Cr,Fe) 2 B particles embedded in a BCC solid solution matrix composed of Fe, Cr, Mn, and Si. The hardness of (Cr,Fe) 2 B particles was 24 GPa. When the input energy increased during welding process, the deposition volume and dilution ratio were increased. As a result, (Cr,Fe) 2 B particle volume fraction decreased from 44.6 to 37.2% and the bulk hardness decreased from 6.43 to 5.80 GPa. Dry sliding wear tests were carried out against a stainless steel counterface. The steady state coefficient of friction and the wear rate for the Fe-Cr-B-based alloy were independent of input energy. While the coefficient of friction for the Fe-Cr-B-based alloy was about 20% higher than for the 1030 carbon steel, the wear rate was about 90% lower. The dominant sliding wear mechanisms were adhesion and oxidation. Two-body abrasion wear test using alumina abrasives showed that the wear rate of the Fe-Cr-B-based alloy increased as the input energy increased and was about 90% lower than that of the 1030 carbon steel. The abrasive wear mechanism was microcutting.

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“…Eventually, for sliding contact between two materials, the region of interest is in the contact and near the contact area, which remains hidden from view or inspection using traditional surface characterization methods. Recently, several tribometers were used to directly observe the third body behavior through the transparent first body (glass and sapphire) and to correlate it to friction events and wear [31][32][33][34][35]. Several benefits can be obtained by performing tribological measurements in real-time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribolumen: A Tribometer for A Correlation Between AE Signals and Observation of Tribological Process in Real-Time—Application to A Dry Steel/Glass Reciprocating Sliding Contact

et al. 2020

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This paper deals with the development of an original apparatus called TRIBOLUMEN designed specifically for friction experiments on transparent materials. The friction measurement is synchronized with an acoustic emission (AE) sensor and the device is also equipped with a high-speed camera offering a direct view at the interface to gain a deeper understanding of tribological mechanisms. The TRIBOLUMEN device is in ball-on-flat contact configuration with a range of strokes from 5 to 500 µm and an oscillation frequency from 5 to 600 Hz. The experiments showed that this device has an adequate rigidity and can detect subtle friction modifications of the oscillating contacts. The observation of a steel-on-glass contact in real-time highlighted the initiation of Hertzian cracks followed by the formation of debris in the contact. Using the synchronous measurement, these mechanisms were clearly associated with different stages in the friction measurement and in the AE signals, which permitted to identify the AE signature of Hertzian cracks.

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Materials Phenomena Revealed by In Situ Tribometry

Cited by 32 publications

References 36 publications

Precise Correlation of Contact Area and Forces in the Unstable Friction between a Rough Fluoroelastomer Surface and Borosilicate Glass

Precise Correlation of Contact Area and Forces in the Unstable Friction between a Rough Fluoroelastomer Surface and Borosilicate Glass

Tribology of a Fe–Cr–B-Based Alloy Coating Fabricated by a Controlled Short-Circuit MIG Welding Process

Tribolumen: A Tribometer for A Correlation Between AE Signals and Observation of Tribological Process in Real-Time—Application to A Dry Steel/Glass Reciprocating Sliding Contact

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