Materials, operational energy inputs, and net energy ratio for photobiological hydrogen production

Burgess, Gregory; Fernández-Velasco, Javier G.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.10.055

Cited by 70 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The estimated net energy ratio (NER) was ca. 2 for a photobioreactor lasting 20 years, constructed using tubes of flexible polyethylene film (thickness 0.18 mm), under the assumptions of film replacement every 3 years, 80 % time on-line, 20 % loss of H 2 and discounting the costs of nutrients, temperature control and water (Burgess & Fernandez-Velasco 2007 Dark fermentation represents a rapid and relatively simple method for the conversion of carbohydrates into hydrogen, but the accumulation of organic fermentation products can exert stress upon the fermenting microorganisms and generates a secondary waste, requiring disposal (Eiteman & Altman 2006). Concurrently, fermentation products are preferred substrates for PNS bacteria, which oxidise reduced organic molecules and dispose of the reducing power as H 2 .…”

Section: Comparing Diverse Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating dark and light bio-hydrogen production strategies: towards the hydrogen economy

Redwood

Paterson-Beedle

Macaskie

2008

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

138

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Biological methods of hydrogen production are preferable to chemical methods because of the possibility to use sunlight, CO 2 and organic wastes as substrates for environmentally benign conversions, under moderate conditions. By combining different microorganisms with different capabilities, the individual strengths of each may be exploited and their weaknesses overcome. Mechanisms of bio-hydrogen production are described and strategies for their integration are discussed. Dual systems can be divided broadly into wholly light-driven systems (with microalgae/cyanobacteria as the 1 st stage) and partially light-driven systems (with a dark, fermentative initial reaction). Review and evaluation of published data suggests that the latter type of system holds greater promise for industrial application. This is because the calculated land area required for a wholly light-driven dual system would be too large for either centralised (macro-) or decentralised (micro-)energy generation. The potential contribution to the hydrogen economy of partially light-driven dual systems is overviewed alongside that of other bio-fuels such as bio-methane and bio-ethanol.Redwood et al. -Dual systems for Bio-H 2 -Reviews in Environ. Sci. Bio/Technol. 8:149 http://dx

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Section: Comparing Diverse Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating dark and light bio-hydrogen production strategies: towards the hydrogen economy

Redwood

Paterson-Beedle

Macaskie

2008

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

138

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“…The capacity factor is a unit less ratio between the energy produced for a given period of time and the energy that would be produced if the system was operating at its full capacity for the same period of time. [21] Cumulative energy demand [22] Net energy ratio [17] Energy payback time [17] Energy return on energy investment [22] Efficiency of technology [22] Capacity factor [20] Efficiency…”

Section: Technical Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fuel dependency is the ratio between imported fuel and fuel required. Finally, the fuel reserve years are the number of years until full depletion of a given non-renewable resource [22]. [22] Job creation by technology [23] External energy dependency [22] Fuel dependency [22] Fuel reserve years…”

Section: Social Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indicators Used in the Energy Sector

Martins¹,

Felgueiras²

2015

JOCET

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Abstract-World energy mix still depends heavily on fossil fuels but the foreseen increase demand, the scarcity of those resources, their unevenly distribution as well as other factors such as economic burdens due to fossil fuel prices and climate change concerns contributed to the establishment and implementation of new policies in the energy sector. Renewable energy sources are being promoted worldwide as a pathway to reduce external energy dependency, moving towards lower carbon energy systems. It is important to policy makers, investors and other stakeholders to have tools for deciding which policies, investments and measures should be implemented in the future. Thus indicators play very important role for fulfilling that task.This work present a structured presentation of several indicators commonly used to compare solutions in the energy domain.

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“…It has been applied in constructing tubular photobioreactors [38,45,64,66]. Its desirable properties include transmission of high visible and near infrared that is required by the PNSB for growth and hydrogen production, low UV transmission and low cost [114]. A major disadvantage is its thin wall thickness, which may lead to high hydrogen permeability [64].…”

Section: Materials Of Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%