Materials Functionalization with Multicomponent Reactions: State of the Art

Abstract

The emergence of neoteric synthetic routes for materials functionalization is an interesting phenomenon in materials chemistry. In particular, the union of materials chemistry with multicomponent reactions (MCRs) opens a new avenue leading to the realm of highly innovative functionalized architectures with unique features. MCRs have recently been recognized as considerable part of the synthetic chemist's toolbox due to their great efficiency, inherent molecular diversity, atom and pot economy along with operational simplicity. Also, MCRs can improve E-factor and mass intensity as important green chemistry metrics. By rational tuning of the materials, as well as the MCRs, wide ranges of functionalized materials can be produced with tailorable properties that can play important roles in the plethora of applications. To date, there has not reported any exclusive review of a materials functionalization with MCRs. This critical review highlights the state-of-the-art on the one-pot functionalization of carbonaceous and siliceous materials, polysaccharides, proteins, enzymes, synthetic polymers, etc., via diverse kind of MCRs like Ugi, Passerini, Petasis, Khabachnik-Fields, Biginelli, and MALI reactions through covalent or noncovalent manners. Besides the complementary discussion of synthetic routes, superior properties and detailed applicability of each functionalized material in modern technologies are discussed. Our outlook also emphasizes future strategies for this unprecedented area and their use as materials for industrial implementation. With no doubt, MCRs-functionalization of materials bridges the gap between materials science domain and applied chemistry.

Multi‐component reaction‐functionalized chitosan complexed with copper nanoparticles: An efficient catalyst toward A3 coupling and click reactions in water

“…[31] This reaction presented a high potential for the construction of pseudo peptide skeletons that could be used for the strong chelation to the metals. In continuation of our recent works in developing catalytic systems based on material functionalizations with MCRs, [23] modification of chitosan as a natural polymer can be accomplished using MCR above to construct carboxamide-ligands on chitosan skeleton to improve its ligation towards copper ions. (Figure 1).…”

“…The advancement, development, and application of MCRs are right now an essential and irrefutable part of the work of any pharmaceutical research unit. By utilizing these types of reactions in the preparation of novel functional materials, the union of material science has recently developed a new dimension in MCRs framework . Functionalization of materials by MCRs is an innovative strategy which benefits all the advantages of multi‐component reaction such as substrate diversity, degree of atomic economy, simplicity of operation, low cost, and reduced waste productions .…”

“…By utilizing these types of reactions in the preparation of novel functional materials, the union of material science has recently developed a new dimension in MCRs framework. [23] Functionalization of materials by MCRs is an innovative strategy which benefits all the advantages of multicomponent reaction such as substrate diversity, degree of atomic economy, simplicity of operation, low cost, and reduced waste productions. [24] In recent years, significant progress has been made in expanding the scope of this strategy in various fields such as polymer chemistry, [25] drug delivery, [26] enzyme immobilization, [27] water treatment, [28] biosensors, and catalysis.…”

Editorial: Isocyanide-Based Multicomponent Reactions

“…The mechanisms of multicomponent reactions also challenge our understanding of subtle reactivity principles. Besides green chemistry attributes and mechanistic beauty, a key feature of multicomponent reactions that has not yet been fully embraced is the easy engineering of functional materials (Afshari and Shaabani, 2018). Functions can range from affinity ligands for immunoglobulin purification (Kruljec and Bratkovič, 2017) to imaging compounds in biological systems (Lin et al, 2017) to proteome-wide mapping of protein-protein interactions (Kambe et al, 2014) to molecular machines (García-González et al, 2018) to molecular keys for applications in advanced encryption standard cryptography with molecular steganography (Boukis et al, 2018).…”

Highly Fluorescent Pyrido[2,3‐b]indolizine‐10‐Carbonitriles through Pseudo Three‐Component Reactions of N‐(Cyanomethyl)pyridinium Salts

“…Domino and multicomponent reactions allow rapid and efficient construction of molecular complexity; [1][2][3][4][5] they are widely used for the synthesis of natural products and analogues, [6,7] pharmaceutical substances, [8][9][10][11] functional materials, [12,13] macrocyclizations. [14,15] Employing these tools for the preparation of fluorophores and electrophores emerged as a useful technique, [16][17][18][19] enabling fast creation of numerous scaffolds with diverse structure and needful properties.…”