A monographic revision of the hyphomycete genus
Cladosporium s. lat.
(
Cladosporiaceae, Capnodiales
) is presented. It includes a detailed historic overview of
Cladosporium
and allied genera, with notes on their phylogeny, systematics and ecology. True species of
Cladosporium s. str.
(anamorphs of
Davidiella
), are characterised by having coronate conidiogenous loci and conidial hila,
i.e.,
with a convex central dome surrounded by a raised periclinal rim. Recognised species are treated and illustrated with line drawings and photomicrographs (light as well as scanning electron microscopy). Species known from culture are described
in vivo
as well as
in vitro
on standardised media and under controlled conditions. Details on host range/substrates and the geographic distribution are given based on published accounts, and a re-examination of numerous herbarium specimens. Various keys are provided to support the identification of
Cladosporium
species
in vivo
and
in vitro
. Morphological datasets are supplemented by DNA barcodes (nuclear ribosomal RNA gene operon, including the internal transcribed spacer regions ITS1 and ITS2, the 5.8S nrDNA, as well as partial actin and translation elongation factor 1-α gene sequences) diagnostic for individual species. In total 993 names assigned to
Cladosporium s. lat
., including
Heterosporium
(854 in
Cladosporium
and 139 in
Heterosporium
), are treated, of which 169 are recognized in
Cladosporium s. str
. The other taxa are doubtful, insufficiently known or have been excluded from
Cladosporium
in its current circumscription and re-allocated to other genera by the authors of this monograph or previous authors.
Taxonomic novelties:
Cladosporium allicinum
(Fr.: Fr.) Bensch, U. Braun & Crous, comb. nov.,
C. astroideum
var.
catalinense
U. Braun, var. nov.,
Fusicladium tectonicola
(Yong H. He & Z.Y. Zhang) U. Braun & Bensch, comb. nov.,
Septoidium uleanum
(Henn.) U. Braun, comb. nov.,
Zasmidium adeniae
(Hansf.) U. Braun, comb. nov.,
Zasmidium dianellae
(Sawada & Katsuki) U. Braun, comb. nov.,
Zasmidium lythri
(Westend.) U. Braun & H.D. Shin, comb. nov.,
Zasmidium wikstroemiae
(Petch) U. Braun, comb. nov.