Materials for the design and construction of household biogas digesters for biogas production: A review

Obileke, KeChrist; Onyeaka, Helen; Nwokolo, Nwabunwanne

doi:10.1002/er.6120

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(114 reference statements)

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“…Mild steel bars are usually used for the construction of the cover and the digester chamber. For the gas pipes, several different materials have been used as metal (steel or copper) and plastic (HDPE, PVC), and for the valves, generally, ball valves are used [55]. Because the biogas system's durability and cost are directly linked with construction materials, the pre-built and low-cost digesters are preferred for installations in develop ing countries [56].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-Size Biogas Technology Applications for Rural Areas in the Context of Developing Countries

Pilloni¹,

Hamed²

2021

Anaerobic Digestion in Built Environments

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The world’s rural population surpasses the three billion people mainly located in Africa and Asia; roughly half the global population lives in the countryside. Access to modern fuels is a challenge for rural people compared to their urban counterparts, which can easily access infrastructures and commercial energy. In developing countries rural populations commonly depend on traditional biomass for cooking and heating. A key strategy in tackling the energy needs of those rural populations is to advance their energy ladder from the inefficient, traditional domestic burn of biomass, organic waste, and animal manure. Governments and non-governmental institutions have supported small biogas digesters in rural areas, mainly in Asia, South America, and Africa, over the last 50 years. This chapter reviews the literature to offer an overview of experimental and theoretical evidence regarding the characteristics of design, construction material, feedstock, and operation parameters that made anaerobic digestion in small digesters a valuable source. Small-scale rural biogas digesters can generate environmental, health, and social benefits to rural areas with a net positive impact on energy access. Remarkable improvement in living standards was achieved with small inputs of the methane, produced via anaerobic digestion; however, challenges associated with lack of technical skills, awareness, and education remain and obstruct biogas’ full potential in rural areas, mainly in developing countries.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-Size Biogas Technology Applications for Rural Areas in the Context of Developing Countries

Pilloni¹,

Hamed²

2021

Anaerobic Digestion in Built Environments

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show abstract

“…Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ) are the major greenhouse gases, representing 82% and 10% of the total greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, respec-tively [3]. The main sources of CO 2 and CH 4 are human activities such as transportation, electricity generation, and industrial manufacturing and natural processes such as fermentation of organic wastes [4][5][6][7]. Therefore, the comprehensive utilization of CO 2 and CH 4 as resources should be promoted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paper‐structured catalyst with a dispersion of ceria‐based oxide support for improving the performance of an SOFC fed with simulated biogas

Tu,

Sakamoto,

Dinh

et al. 2024

Fuel Cells

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Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) can accept a direct feed of biogas for power generation; however, carbon deposition is a major obstacle to their practical application. When a paper‐structured catalyst (PSC) with a dispersion of Ni‐loaded flowerlike Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 (Ni/CZ(F)) was applied to the anode of an electrolyte‐supported cell (ESC), the open‐circuit voltage of the cell directly fed simulated biogas was increased from 0.87 to 0.98 V at 750°C. The rates of cell‐voltage degradation and coke formation of the ESC with the Ni/CZ(F)‐PSC during 100 h of operation were 4.3% kh−1 and 0.43 mg‐C g‐PSC−1 h−1, respectively, which were lower than those of an ESC with a Ni‐loaded PSC without the CZ(F) dispersion (10.4% kh−1 and 8.1 mg‐C g‐PSC−1 h−1, respectively). This performance improvement is attributed to the unique porous morphology and high oxygen storage capacity of CZ(F), which can contribute to the prevention of Ni agglomeration and the removal of coke from the catalyst surface, respectively. Thus, the Ni/CZ(F)‐PSC can function as a practically applicable reforming domain for an internal‐reforming biogas‐fueled SOFC.

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“…8 Its resistance to water and fire, 9,10 along with its easy maintenance and exceptionally long lifespan, contribute to its attractiveness. 11 PVC's flexibility, rigidity, color variations, and other characteristics depend on the specific additives, such as lubricants, plasticizers, or pigments, used to achieve the desired final product. 12,13 Its versatility is evident in its applications in construction, electrical systems, consumer goods, and so forth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Composed of 43% petroleum derivatives and 57% sea salt, 7 PVC possesses unique properties that make it highly prevalent in various sectors 8 . Its resistance to water and fire, 9,10 along with its easy maintenance and exceptionally long lifespan, contribute to its attractiveness 11 . PVC's flexibility, rigidity, color variations, and other characteristics depend on the specific additives, such as lubricants, plasticizers, or pigments, used to achieve the desired final product 12,13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) recycling

Ait‐Touchente,

Khellaf,

Raffin

et al. 2023

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) recycling is crucial for mitigating the environmental impact of PVC wastes, which take decades to decompose in landfills. This review examines the current state of PVC recycling processes, focusing on challenges and future research opportunities. It explores the types and sources of PVC wastes, including post‐consumer, industrial, and construction wastes. Conventional recycling methods such as mechanical, thermal, and chemical recycling are discussed, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and successful applications. Furthermore, recent advances in PVC recycling, including biological, plasma‐assisted, and solvent‐based recycling, are explored, considering their potential benefits and challenges. The review emphasizes the European context of PVC recycling, as the region has implemented regulatory initiatives and collaborations. It points out the Circular Economy Action Plan and directives targeting PVC waste management, which have promoted recycling and established a supportive framework. Challenges of current PVC recycling methods and technologies, such as low yield and high energy consumption, are identified. The review calls for the development of efficient and cost‐effective recycling technologies, along with improvements in recycling infrastructure and consumer awareness. Assessing the environmental and economic impacts, PVC recycling significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions and conserves resources compared to virgin PVC production. The economic benefits include job creation and reduced raw material costs.

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Materials for the design and construction of household biogas digesters for biogas production: A review

Cited by 14 publications

References 54 publications

Small-Size Biogas Technology Applications for Rural Areas in the Context of Developing Countries

Small-Size Biogas Technology Applications for Rural Areas in the Context of Developing Countries

Paper‐structured catalyst with a dispersion of ceria‐based oxide support for improving the performance of an SOFC fed with simulated biogas

Recent advances in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) recycling

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