Materials for rechargeable batteries and clean hydrogen energy sources

Wronski, Zbigniew S.

doi:10.1179/095066001101528394

Cited by 76 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Moreover, they have also been used in oxygen evolution, reduction reactions, ion exchange process [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], and design of modified electrodes aiming at the application in electrooxidation of chemicals such as carbohydrates and thiols, hydrogen peroxide, aspirin and acetaminophen, hydroquinone and alcohols [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. To fabricate cobalt oxide nanostructures, various synthesis methods, e.g., spray pyrolysis, sonication assisted methods, sputtering, thermal salt decomposition, powder immobilization, irradiation, sol-gel technique [28][29][30][31][32][33][34], and electrodeposition from aqueous solutions [13,[21][22]25,35], have been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis temperature dependence of morphologies and properties of cobalt oxide and silicon nanocrystals

Koji

Iqbal

et al. 2011

Front. Mater. Sci.

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Cobalt and cobalt oxide nanocrystals were synthesized on Si substrates from aqueous cobalt nitrate [Co(NO 3 ) 2 $6H 2 O] powder via chemical vapor deposition method. Scanning electron microscope, field emission scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope observations show different morphologies, such as continuous films, nano-bars, nano-dices, and nano-strings, depending on the synthesis temperature. The crystal structure characterization was conducted using Xray diffraction methods. Furthermore, the properties of the samples were characterized using Raman spectroscopic analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer. The morphology change was discussed in terms of synthesis environments and chemical interactions between cobalt, oxygen, and silicon.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis temperature dependence of morphologies and properties of cobalt oxide and silicon nanocrystals

Koji

Iqbal

et al. 2011

Front. Mater. Sci.

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“…Processing of that type of battery reduces environmental threats and may profit low cost recovery of Ni, Co, Li, and rare earth metals. Wronski (2001) showed that the positive electrode material consists of Ni(OH) 2 . The negative active material is nickel hydride, NiH 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of nickel, cobalt and some salts from spent Ni-MH batteries

2008

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“…In most materials, hydrogen tends to occupy tetrahedral interstitial sites. A recent comprehensive review of the subject [3] and several overview articles in the September 2002 issue of the MRS Bulletin [4] provide a detailed discussion of current trends in the hydrogen-storage alloy-development arena.…”

Section: Technical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen in Bulk Metallic Glasses: Storage Potential and Effects on Structure

Kumar¹,

Wang²

2004

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The views, opinions and/or findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official Department of the Army position, policy or decision, unless so designated by other documentation. Several new ferrous and no-ferrous compositions tiiat are capable of forming metallic glasses in bulk form have been examined for their potential to reversibly ingest hydrogen and discharge it. Hydrogen charging was done both by gas charging at pressure and temperature and by the electrochemical route. Results from both approaches were in good agreement and showed that the Fe-based and Y-based glasses were not capable of ingesting hydrogen whereas the Zr-based and Cu-based glasses could take in an appreciable amount of hydrogen but were incapable of discharging it. The hydrogen in the latter alloys interfered with the crystallization process upon heating. The residual hydrogen in the material however served as a qualitative probe for determining possible structural variations in the glass from the inside to the outside. Specifically, calorimetric scans of hydrogen-charged specimens extracted from the center of the ingot were visibly different from those obtained from the edge, suggesting that the structure was more relaxed in the central portion of the ingot. Calorimetric scans of the Zr-based glass at various rates from 0.1°C/min to 100°C/min confirmed a strong heating rate dependence of the glass transition temperature and the crystallization response, the effect being more dramatic in the 0.1°C/min-10°C/min regime. Statement of the Problem StudiedNew bulk metallic glass (BMG) compositions are continuously being identified and cast using conventional methods to reasonable sizes (for example > 5 mm diameter).These include alloys in the Fe-based system, Al-based system, Y-based systems, Ni and Cu-based systems, and refractory metals-based system in an on-going research effort at the California Institute of Technology (Professor Bill Johnson) and University of Virginia (Profs. Gary Shiflet and Joe Poon) and sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). Our goal was to examine these new alloy systems for their hydrogen storage potential and to understand the consequence of hydrogen presence on the transformation response of the alloy. Specifically, in the proposed one-year program, we had decided to address the following issues: 1)Identify the maximum solubility of electrochemically charged hydrogen at room temperature and at 70°C at ambient pressure in Fe-based, Al-based, and refractory-metal based amorphous alloys, and how alloy composition affected this solubility limit?2) Understand the ease of hydrogen desorption electrochemically -i.e. can we discharge hydrogen electrochemically from such a glass at near-ambient temperatures and pressures?3) Examine the effect of a surface film on the desorption kinetics. 4)Determine the effect of absorbed hydrogen on the stability of the amorphous material -i.e. how does hydrogen intake affect the glass transition and crystal...

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Materials for rechargeable batteries and clean hydrogen energy sources

Abstract: w average particle size; † r density; ‡ l BET surface area; d t crystallite size; ¶ s electrical resistivity of a powder compact pressed at 10 kPa cm−2. ** After ion etch up to depth of 6 nm.

Cited by 76 publications

References 37 publications

Synthesis temperature dependence of morphologies and properties of cobalt oxide and silicon nanocrystals

Synthesis temperature dependence of morphologies and properties of cobalt oxide and silicon nanocrystals

Recovery of nickel, cobalt and some salts from spent Ni-MH batteries

Hydrogen in Bulk Metallic Glasses: Storage Potential and Effects on Structure

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