Materials for ossicular chain reconstruction: History and evolution (Review)

Abstract

the middle ear represents the anatomic space between the external auditory canal and the inner ear (Cochlea). It is comprised of the tympanic membrane, the ossicular chain [malleus (hammer), incus (anvil) and stapes (stirrup)] with the corresponding muscles and ligaments and the cavity of the middle ear. the main function of the middle ear is to convey vibratory energy (sound pressure) from the air to the cochlear fluids of the internal ear via the ossicular chain. tympanoplasty represents a number of procedures used to re-establish the continuity of sound transmission from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear. Ever since the beginning of otologic surgery, various materials have been tested for ossicular chain reconstruction (oCr). the present review aimed to present, in a chronological sequence, the evolution of knowledge regarding this field of medicine, and to also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different materials and designs of ossicular prostheses. the constant search for more efficient, easily tolerated and lighter materials has improved the acoustic rehabilitation process and has markedly reduced the rate of functional failure of these small prostheses. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Data collection 3. History and evolution of ossicular chain reconstruction 4. Conclusions and future perspectives

Model of the Tympanic Cavity to Practice the Technique of Piston Stapedial Prosthesis Placement

“…Стремя -самая маленькая кость в теле человека весом около 3 мг, состоящая из подножной пластинки диаметром 2,96±0,15 мм, опирающейся на овальное окно, а также головки, сочленяющейся с наковальней в области ее лентикулярного отростка под углом 90°. Подножная пластинка окружена эластичной кольцевой связкой, которая обеспечивает свободную вибрацию и передачу звука в улитку [2]. Кальцификация кольцевидной связки при отосклерозе приводит к фиксации стремени и, как следствие, снижению слуха [3].…”