Materials for High Performance Cymbal Transducers

Doğan, Aydın; Uzgur, Erman; Markley, Douglas C.; Meyer, Richard J.; Hladky‐Hennion, Anne‐Christine; Newnham, R. E.

doi:10.1007/s10832-004-5132-9

Cited by 9 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Typical applications for these devices include vibration control, underwater transducers [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] and noninvasive drug delivery [9]. The devices, in general, consist of a piezoelectric disk poled in the thickness direction that is sandwiched between two metal endcaps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, fabrication and finite element modeling of a new wagon wheel flextensional transducer

Narayanan

Schwartz

2008

J Electroceram

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Cymbal and moonie transducers exhibit greatly improved performance characteristics compared to a simple piezoelectric disk. This behavior is mainly due to the amplifying nature of the endcaps employed in these devices. Although these endcaps improve the displacement by amplifying the small lateral displacement associated with the d 31 coefficient to a large axial displacement, this mechanism generates a very high tangential stress in the caps, which leads to a reduction in the efficiency of this transformation. In this paper, we report on a new end cap design, called the wagon wheel flextensional transducer, in which some of the clamping boundary conditions are eased by removing the metal in areas of high stress concentration. In the wagon wheel design, the tangential stresses are further reduced, thereby improving the efficiency of the transformation of the lateral to axial displacement, and consequently increasing the displacement response of the devices. Structural and impedance analyses of the devices were carried out using the commercially available software codes, ABAQUS and ATILA, respectively. Results reported for finite element modeling and experimental characterization suggest that these devices exhibit improved displacement characteristics compared to cymbal devices with similar dimensions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, fabrication and finite element modeling of a new wagon wheel flextensional transducer

Narayanan

Schwartz

2008

J Electroceram

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“…Additionally, to discuss the problem for the second configuration of the actuator relating to the opposite sense of the electric field vector providing stretching of the beam, an analogical derivation has to be performed. In such a case, the signs in equations (14) and (15) defining the axial forces must be taken as opposite, which changes only the equations of the beam and rod equilibrium as well as the postulated forms of their solutions, leaving the whole mathematical elaborations unchanged. In consequence, during the numerical analysis four sets of equations are taken for computation corresponding to possible ways of prestressing and piezoelectric force actions.…”

Section: Initial Curvature Of a Beam And Actuator Prestressingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors found that the offset distance of the beams had a large impact on the behaviour of the system. A finite element analysis was employed to study the properties of cymbal-type flextensional transducers [14,15]. Tressler et al [14] investigated the effect of material properties and dimensional changes on the dynamic properties of the cymbal actuator to calculate its vibration mode shapes, resonance frequencies and admittance spectra.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The computations showed that the fundamental resonance frequency can be easily manipulated by changing the cymbal cap material or dimensions. Dogan et al [15] stated that the underwater performance of piezocomposite cymbal transducers can be tailored by changing the ceramic driving element and the end cap material because that material has a strong effect on resonance frequency. Moreover, changing the PZT leads to changes in the sensitivity and transmitting voltage of underwater transducers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Piezoelectric control of the static behaviour of flextensional actuators with constricted hinges

Przybylski

2014

Smart Mater. Struct.

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The objective of this paper is to present the mathematical modelling and computational testing of the static operational performance and effectiveness of flextensional actuators comprised of two rectilinear or initially deflected beams placed equidistantly from a centrally located piezoceramic stack in the form of a rod. The beams are mounted by stiff links with an offset to a piezoelectric transformer. A monolithic hinge lever mechanism is applied by cutting constricted hinges at the links to generate and magnify the in-plane displacement created by the application of a voltage to the piezorod. Structures of such a type have been commonly used as passive or active actuators since the manufacturing of the mechanism’s prototypes in the form of Moonie or cymbal actuators. An analytical model of the actuator is developed on the basis of stationary values of the total potential energy principle with the use of the von Kármán non-linear strains theory. During the numerical computations, the deflection and internal axial force generated by both the externally distributed load and the the application of an electric field are determined by changing the actuator properties such as the distance between the beams and the rod, the amplitude of the beam’s initial displacement as well as the stiffness of the constricted hinges. Additionally, the application of structure prestressing is considered to avoid an undesired stretching of the piezo stack. It has been shown that for the flextensional actuator with a very high flexibility of constricted hinges, the generated transverse displacement is limited by the maximum electric field as the characteristic property for each piezoceramic material. A vast number of numerical results exhibit the mechanical responses of the transducer of different geometrical and physical properties to piezoelectric stimulation; this has potential applications in the design process of such actuators.

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“…Table 1. The effect of the cymbal geometry Geometry of cymbal transducer defined in (Dogan, 2004 Inspired by the success of the invention of the cymbal transducer based on a novel application of the piezoceramics, researchers proposed subsequent modifications and applications (Zhang et al, 2001;Zhang et al, 1999) increasing even further the displacement of the end-caps (Dong et al, 2002;Sun et al, 2006;Juuti et al, 2005), reducing stresses in the end-caps, and exhibiting a less hysteretic behaviour (Narayaman and Shwartz, 2010). One of the advanced versions of the cymbal transducer is the wagon wheel ( Figure. 2), which was developed from the cymbal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid energy harvesting based on cymbal and wagon wheel inspiration

Ganilova¹,

Awaludin

Dong

2017

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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Abstract:The demand for self-sufficient electronic devices is increasing as well as the overall energy use, and such demands are pushing technology forward, especially in effective energy harvesting. A novel hybrid Energy Harvesting System (EHS) has been proposed and analysed in this paper. It has been demonstrated that the EHS is capable of converting enough energy to power a typical MEMS device. This has been achieved through unification of the nine Cymbal Energy Harvester (CEH) array, as an energy harvesting core, and Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) active elements, acting as a source of force stimulated by the environmental changes. A Finite Element Model (FEM) was developed for the CEH, which was verified and used for the analysis of CEHÕs response to the change of the end-cap material. This was followed by the FEM for the EHS used for analysis of the location of SMA wires and force generated by each wire individually and then all together. As a further optimisation of the EHS a novel Wagon Wheel design was explored in terms of its energy harvesting capabilities. As expected, due to the increased displacement, an increase in the power output was achieved.

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Materials for High Performance Cymbal Transducers

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Design, fabrication and finite element modeling of a new wagon wheel flextensional transducer

Design, fabrication and finite element modeling of a new wagon wheel flextensional transducer

Piezoelectric control of the static behaviour of flextensional actuators with constricted hinges

Hybrid energy harvesting based on cymbal and wagon wheel inspiration

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