Materials for extreme environments

Prameela, Suhas Eswarappa; Pollock, Tresa M.; Raabe, Dierk; Meyers, Marc A.; Aitkaliyeva, Assel; Chintersingh, Kerri Lee; Cordero, Zachary C.; Graham‐Brady, Lori

doi:10.1038/s41578-022-00496-z

Cited by 70 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Their recommendations include reducing quantities of required materials, 18,604 enhanced longevity, environmentally conscious alloying element selection, 600 property improvement, extension of lifetimes, materials enabling efficiency improvement, and improved material stability at high temperatures. 122…”

Section: Microstructure-oriented Versus Composition-oriented Alloy De...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second rebound challenge is that the existing land-based pipeline networks are generally not designed for high partial pressures of hydrogen. Instead, there would first be a high level of new investment required for expanding the pipeline networks with steels that tolerate high hydrogen partial pressures, without undergoing hydrogen embrittlement . While many existing steel pipes are currently capable of tolerating moderate hydrogen partial pressures, the current infrastructure is not sufficient to provide the same amount of energy as currently provided by natural gas, which means that the partial pressure of hydrogen would have to be substantially enhanced.…”

Section: Rebound Effects Associated With Metals Needed For Green Tech...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In their detailed work they considered both direct sustainability effects (those effects that help reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions) and also indirect sustainability effects (those effects that enable enhanced product sustainability through their properties). Their recommendations include reducing quantities of required materials, , enhanced longevity, environmentally conscious alloying element selection, property improvement, extension of lifetimes, materials enabling efficiency improvement, and improved material stability at high temperatures …”

Section: Sustainable Alloy Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead, there would first be a high level of new investment required for expanding the pipeline networks with steels that tolerate high hydrogen partial pressures, without undergoing hydrogen embrittlement. 122 While many existing steel pipes are currently capable of tolerating moderate hydrogen partial pressures, the current infrastructure is not sufficient to provide the same amount of energy as currently provided by natural gas, which means that the partial pressure of hydrogen would have to be substantially enhanced. The reason is that not the amount of hydrogen transported matters but the amount of energy that is delivered to the customer.…”

Section: Scrap Rebound Scenariomentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Materials Science behind Sustainable Metals and Alloys

Raabe

2023

Chem. Rev.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Production of metals stands for 40% of all industrial greenhouse gas emissions, 10% of the global energy consumption, 3.2 billion tonnes of minerals mined, and several billion tonnes of by-products every year. Therefore, metals must become more sustainable. A circular economy model does not work, because market demand exceeds the available scrap currently by about two-thirds. Even under optimal conditions, at least one-third of the metals will also in the future come from primary production, creating huge emissions. Although the influence of metals on global warming has been discussed with respect to mitigation strategies and socio-economic factors, the fundamental materials science to make the metallurgical sector more sustainable has been less addressed. This may be attributed to the fact that the field of sustainable metals describes a global challenge, but not yet a homogeneous research field. However, the sheer magnitude of this challenge and its huge environmental effects, caused by more than 2 billion tonnes of metals produced every year, make its sustainability an essential research topic not only from a technological point of view but also from a basic materials research perspective. Therefore, this paper aims to identify and discuss the most pressing scientific bottleneck questions and key mechanisms, considering metal synthesis from primary (minerals), secondary (scrap), and tertiary (re-mined) sources as well as the energy-intensive downstream processing. Focus is placed on materials science aspects, particularly on those that help reduce CO2 emissions, and less on process engineering or economy. The paper does not describe the devastating influence of metal-related greenhouse gas emissions on climate, but scientific approaches how to solve this problem, through research that can render metallurgy fossil-free. The content is considering only direct measures to metallurgical sustainability (production) and not indirect measures that materials leverage through their properties (strength, weight, longevity, functionality).

show abstract

Section: Microstructure-oriented Versus Composition-oriented Alloy De...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rebound Effects Associated With Metals Needed For Green Tech...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sustainable Alloy Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scrap Rebound Scenariomentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Materials Science behind Sustainable Metals and Alloys

Raabe

2023

Chem. Rev.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For modern physics and chemistry, high pressure, correlated with temperature, is a vital research parameter to understand the thermodynamic, physico-chemical, mechanical, and structural properties of substances under extreme conditions 1 . On the other hand, high pressures applied in materials engineering make it possible to obtain new materials often endowed with distinctive properties [2][3][4] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to predict the density of liquids up to the Gigapascal range knowing only data obtained at ambient pressure: the Tait equation meets the phonon theory of liquids

Postnikov

Belenkov

Chorążewski

2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Predicting the density of liquids at ultrahigh pressures in the case when only the data measured at ambient pressure are available is a long-standing challenge for thermodynamic research. In this work, we archived this goal for molecular liquids by applying the half-sum of the Tait equation and the Murnagnan equation in the form coordinated with Tait’s at low pressure for predicting the density of molecular liquids up to the pressures more than 1 GPa with uncertainty comparable with the experimental one. It is shown that the control parameter, which is needed in addition to the initial density and the isothermal compressibility can be found using the speed of sound and the density at ambient pressure and has a clear physical interpretation in terms of the characteristic frequency of intermolecular oscillation mimicking the limiting frequency of Debye’s theory of heat conductivity of solids. This fact is discussed as arguing in favour of the modern phonon theory of liquid thermodynamics and expands it range of applicability to the volumetric properties of liquids at temperatures far below the critical one. The validity of the model is illustrated with the case study of classic Bridgman’s dataset as well as with some examples of ultrahigh-pressure data obtained by the diamond anvil cell and shock wave compression methods.

show abstract

Dual‐Network Assembled Nanopaper towards Extremely Harsh Conditions

Yang,

Yuan,

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aramid nanofibers (ANFs) exhibit desirable lightweight and excellent properties, while their strength has to be sacrificed to further improve their electrical insulation and fire resistance so as to meet the special demands of extreme environments. Herein, Zylon nanofibers (ZNFs) with analogous structure compatibility but superior performance are employed to construct an assembled dual‐network structure to improve the overall properties of ANFs. A facile in situ structure restoration (ISSR) strategy is proposed to achieve ZNF aqueous dispersion for the first time by deprotonation of ZNFs, which significantly avoids the corrosive acid system and facilitates the papermaking process. The composite ANF@ZNF nanopaper exhibits incredible tensile strength (233 MPa) and toughness (14.7 MJ m−3), increased by 108% and 584% compared with pure ANF nanopaper due to the dense entangled dual‐network and tremendous hydrogen bonds. Moreover, it presents superior breakdown strength of ≈128 kV mm−1, which is 6 times higher than that of commercial Nomex T410 insulation paper with a thickness of 50 µm. Besides, it exhibits surprising flame resistance (endure 1000 °C burning) ascribed to the excellent thermostability of ZNFs. This work provides promising possibilities for expanding the applications of aramid‐based composites for advanced electrical insulation and thermal protection in extremely harsh conditions.

show abstract

Materials for extreme environments

Cited by 70 publications

References 14 publications

The Materials Science behind Sustainable Metals and Alloys

The Materials Science behind Sustainable Metals and Alloys

How to predict the density of liquids up to the Gigapascal range knowing only data obtained at ambient pressure: the Tait equation meets the phonon theory of liquids

Dual‐Network Assembled Nanopaper towards Extremely Harsh Conditions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About