Materials for DEMO and reactor applications—boundary conditions and new concepts

Coenen, J. W.; Antusch, S.; Aumann, M.; Biel, W.; Du, Jun; Engels, J.; Heuer, S.; Houben, A.; Hoeschen, T.; Jasper, B.; Koch, F.; Linke, J.; Litnovsky, A.; Mao, Y.; Neu, R.; Pintsuk, G.; Riesch, J.; Rasiński, M.; Reiser, J.; Rieth, M.; Terra, A.; Unterberg, B.; Weber, Th.; Wegener, T.; You, J. H.; Linsmeier, Ch.

doi:10.1088/0031-8949/2016/t167/014002

Cited by 105 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…DEMO, and are crucial for a fusion power plant. The use of tungsten is inevitable to suppress erosion and to allow operation at elevated temperature and high heat loads [1]. However tungsten suffers from an intrinsic brittleness below a certain temperature, the so called ductile-to-brittle transition temperature [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of tungsten fibre-reinforced tungsten composites towards their use in DEMO—potassium doped tungsten wire

Riesch¹,

Han²,

Almanstötter³

et al. 2016

Phys. Scr.

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For the next step fusion reactor the use of tungsten is inevitable to suppress erosion and allow operation at elevated temperature and high heat loads. Tungsten fibre-reinforced composites overcome the intrinsic brittleness of tungsten and its susceptibility to operation embrittlement and thus allow its use as a structural as well as an armour material. That this concept works in principle has been shown in recent years. In this contribution we present a development approach towards their use in a future fusion reactor. A multilayer approach is needed addressing all composite constituents and manufacturing steps. A huge potential lies in the optimization of the tungsten wire used as fibre. We discuss this aspect and present studies on potassium doped tungsten wire in detail. This wire, utilized in the illumination industry, could be a replacement of the so far used pure tungsten wire due to its superior high temperature properties. In tensile tests the wire showed high strength and ductility up to an annealing temperature of 2200 K. The results show that the use of doped tungsten wire could increase the allowed fabrication temperature and the overall working temperature of the composite itself.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of tungsten fibre-reinforced tungsten composites towards their use in DEMO—potassium doped tungsten wire

Riesch¹,

Han²,

Almanstötter³

et al. 2016

Phys. Scr.

Self Cite

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“…However, the inherent disadvantages of pure tungsten materials including low fracture toughness, high ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of about 800°C [4] and poor low-temperature machinability, which is directly correlated to the material's low ductility and low grain boundary strength, cannot be ignored for fusion reactor applications [5]. In addition, the high service temperatures ( $1200°C) can alter the microstructure of pure tungsten by recovery, recrystallization and grain growth [6], which would degrade the mechanical strength and aggravate embrittlement [7][8][9][10]. Therefore, W alloys with steady thermal and mechanical properties are highly desirable for high-temperature applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties and thermal stability of rolled W-0.5wt% TiC alloys

Miao

Xie

Zhang

et al. 2016

Materials Science and Engineering: A

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“…Solid solution alloying and oxide or carbide dispersion [8] strengthening are actively investigated worldwide due to the ease of operation and the possibility to reinforce W-based materials. Though various approaches are available, W-based PFM in fusion reactors requires comprehensive performances including thermal properties, erosion resistance, mechanical properties, and hydrogen (H) isotope compatibility and activation, which greatly restricts the choices of approaches [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent studies of tungsten-based plasma-facing materials in the linear plasma device STEP

et al. 2019

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This contribution summarized the recent studies of tungsten-based plasma-facing materials in the linear plasma device like the simulator for tokamak edge plasma (STEP), focusing on the examination of newly developed tungsten (W)-based materials and plasma-induced defects in pure W. Pure W, W-V, W-Y 2 O 3 and W-ZrC samples were exposed to a high-flux plasma of ~ 10 21 -10 22 m −2 s −1 with a fluence up to 10 26 m −2 at a surface temperature below 500 K. The investigation of fundamental evolution of plasma-induced defects in pure W indicated a critical role of hydrogen-dislocation interactions. Suppressed surface blistering was observed in all W-based materials, but deuterium desorption behavior and retention were distinct with respect to different materials. The studies showed that the linear plasma device like the STEP was indispensable in the understanding of plasma-material interactions and the qualification of new materials for future fusion reactors.

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Materials for DEMO and reactor applications—boundary conditions and new concepts

Cited by 105 publications

References 27 publications

Development of tungsten fibre-reinforced tungsten composites towards their use in DEMO—potassium doped tungsten wire

Development of tungsten fibre-reinforced tungsten composites towards their use in DEMO—potassium doped tungsten wire

Mechanical properties and thermal stability of rolled W-0.5wt% TiC alloys

Recent studies of tungsten-based plasma-facing materials in the linear plasma device STEP

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