Materials Design and Physics of Organic Photorefractive Systems

Zilker, Stephan J.

doi:10.1002/1439-7641(20000915)1:2<72::aid-cphc72>3.0.co;2-2

Cited by 96 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…[116] In the last decade organic photorefractive materials are emerging as promising photonic materials for a variety of applications including holographic data storage, real-time optical processing, imaging, non-destructive testing, and phase conjugation. [117,118] The current status and future prospects of organic photorefractive materials have been described in several reviews. [117±120] Organic photorefractive materials consisting of doped organic crystals were first reported in 1990.…”

Section: Photorefractive Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge-Transporting Molecular Glasses

Strohriegl¹,

2002

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Among organic materials vitrification for many years was regarded mainly as a privilege of polymers. However, recently a lot of attention is paid to organic low molar mass compounds that readily form glasses above room temperature. Such compounds are called molecular glasses or amorphous molecular materials. Among these materials the most widely studied are charge‐transporting molecular glasses used in copiers and laser printers, organic light‐emitting diodes, photovoltaic devices, and as photorefractive materials. Two types of molecular glasses, i.e., p‐type (hole‐transporting), and n‐type (electron‐transporting) are discussed. Work of the laboratories of the authors is emphasized. In addition, an overview of current and potential applications for these materials is presented.

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Section: Photorefractive Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge-Transporting Molecular Glasses

Strohriegl¹,

2002

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“…6,7 The primary step in the formation of a PR grating, the photo-charge generation, is generally achieved in a charge transfer (CT) complex formed between a semiconducting polymer matrix and a sensitizer with a small amount of organic molecules, providing sensitivity in the visible and near infrared. [8][9][10] To date, polymeric PR composites have been sensitized with several classes of organic molecules, such as TNF, 11 TNFM, 12 TCNQ, 13 C 60 , 14 and [6, 6] PCBM; 15 but no PR composites have been sensitized with P3HT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-speed photorefractive composite sensitized by poly(3-hexylthiophene)

Choi

Kim

2009

Macromol. Res.

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“…In 1994, 15 a high diffraction efficiency of 86% (the remaining 14% was attributed to optical losses) and a large optical gain exceeding 200 cm À1 was reported in photoconductive PVK-based PR composites. Over the past two decades, many featured review articles [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] and book chapters [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] have been published, which have given us a technical understanding, and have provided researchers in the field with a direction for the development of relevant applications. The latest comprehensive review on PR polymer composites was reported in 2011, 26 and a review on its applications for holography was published in 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular design of photorefractive polymers

Tsutsumi

2016

Polym J

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This review article describes the current state-of-the-art research on organic photorefractive polymer composites. A historical background on photorefractive materials is first introduced and is followed by a discussion on the opto-physical aspects and the mechanism of photorefractivity. The molecular design of photorefractive polymers and organic compounds is discussed, followed by a discussion on optical applications of the photorefractive polymers. Polymer Journal (2016) 48, 571-588; doi:10.1038/pj.2015.131; published online 27 January 2016 BACKGROUND In this report, the molecular design of organic photorefractive (PR) polymers is reviewed. Organic PR polymers are materials that possess both electro-optical and photoconductive properties. Research on photoconductive polymers, whose pioneering polymer is poly(N-vinyl carbazole) (PVK, PVCz), began in the 1960s. From the 1980s, research on organic nonlinear optical (NLO) materials has been widely conducted in the fields of organic electro-optics and optical nonlinearity. From the 1990s, new technology using organic photorefractivity combined with photoconductive and electro-optical properties was introduced in the field of organic semiconducting materials, 1 and organic light-emitting diodes 2-6 and organic fieldeffect transistors 7 were also debuted in this field. At the same time, the interest of researchers also turned toward the development of organic photovoltaic cells and organic solar cells. [8][9][10][11] The transport of charge carriers through photoconductive manifolds is a common phenomenon found in PR, organic light-emitting diode or organic photovoltaic materials. Thus, the development of materials in each field is expected to merge together to trigger the development of novel materials.The PR effect is a well-known phenomenon that is observed in materials in which refractive index modulation is induced by the space-charge field that results from the redistribution of positive and negative charge carriers separated through photo-excitation. 12 This phenomenon was first reported in inorganic crystals of lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ) and lithium tantalate (LiTaO 3 ) and was observed through heterogeneous optically induced refractive indices in 1966. 13 Since then, the PR effect has extensively been investigated in many inorganic crystals, and theoretical approaches have been established to explain this phenomenon. 14 In 1991, 1 the first study of PR polymers reported a low diffraction efficiency of 10 −3 to 1% and a small optical gain of 0.33 cm À1 . In 1994, 15 a high diffraction efficiency of 86% (the remaining 14% was attributed to optical losses) and a large optical gain exceeding 200 cm À1 was reported in photoconductive PVK-based PR composites. Over the past two decades, many featured review articles [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] and book

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Materials Design and Physics of Organic Photorefractive Systems

Cited by 96 publications

References 108 publications

Charge-Transporting Molecular Glasses

Charge-Transporting Molecular Glasses

High-speed photorefractive composite sensitized by poly(3-hexylthiophene)

Molecular design of photorefractive polymers

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