Material stocks of the non-residential building sector: the case of the Rhine-Main area

Schebek, Liselotte; Schnitzer, Benjamin; Blesinger, Daniel; Köhn, Antonia; Miekley, Britta; Linke, Hans-Joachim; Lohmann, Andreas; Motzko, Christoph; Seemann, Axel

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.06.001

Cited by 44 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Very few studies have managed to assess it. For instance, Schebek and colleagues () assessed the existing nonresidential building stock in the industrial Rhine Main area in Germany and showed the wide diversity of building activities, such as factories, restaurants, agriculture farms, health care and sport facilities, or commercial retail and education facilities. All these activities are driven by different parameters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embodied GHGs in a Fast Growing City: Looking at the Evolution of a Dwelling Stock using Structural Element Breakdown and Policy Scenarios

Göswein

Krones

Celentano

et al. 2017

J of Industrial Ecology

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Africa is currently experiencing rapid population growth and accelerated urbanization. This demographic shift will require a large amount of new construction material resulting in substantial environmental impact. For many cities on the continent, data gaps make specific quantification and robust prediction of this impact highly difficult. This article presents a method to assess the stock dynamics and embodied emissions of a rapidly growing urban built environment using a bottom-up, typological approach. This approach allows for the identification of appropriate engineering solutions for decarbonization by localizing embodied greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the different constructive elements with a revisited Sankey diagram. Different alternatives regarding housing type and construction techniques are compared. The city of Johannesburg is used as a case study to illustrate the relation between building types, technologies, and embodied GHG of its residential building stock. This new visualization uncovers the most material-and GHG-intense dwelling types and building elements. The adapted Sankey represents the building stock and its drivers in a simple way, allowing clear understanding of the consequences of potential alternatives. The business-as-usual scenario indicates 100.5 megatons carbon dioxide equivalent (Mt CO 2eq) for new construction between 2011 and 2040. The results of the dynamic model over time show that only a combination of a densified building stock with multistory buildings and the use of alternative construction materials and techniques show real potential to decelerate GHG emissions (33.0 Mt CO 2 -eq until 2040) while aiming to provide adequate and sustainable housing for all.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embodied GHGs in a Fast Growing City: Looking at the Evolution of a Dwelling Stock using Structural Element Breakdown and Policy Scenarios

Göswein

Krones

Celentano

et al. 2017

J of Industrial Ecology

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“…Germany is a highly industrialized country and has been the subject of much research related to material consumption, material efficiency, and material stock and flow analysis [3,9,16,18,[52][53][54].…”

Section: Methods and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Mining and Landfilling Activities with Associated Overburden through Satellite Data: Germany 2000–2010

et al. 2019

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Despite ever-increasing material extraction on the global scale, very few studies have focused on the relationship between mining activities, overburden, and landfilling. This is mainly due to the lack of statistical data. Yet, large mining activities cause environmental strain to the natural environment, and are often cause of irreversible alterations to the natural landscape. To circumvent this problem, we develop a methodology that employs the digital elevation model and land cover to detect and analyze mining and landfilling site over time. We test our methodology with the case of Germany for the years 2000-2010. We then confront our results with statistically available data, to verify whether this methodology can be applied to other countries. Results from the analysis of satellite data give 15.3 Pg of extracted materials and 7.8 Pg of landfilled materials, while statistics report 29.4 Pg and 1.8 Pg, respectively. This large difference was likely due to the different frequency of recording, where satellite data was updated after 10 years, while statistics were reported yearly. The analysis of the anthropogenic disturbance with spatial information can effectively contribute to observe, analyze, and quantify mining activities, overburden, and landfills, and can thus provide policy makers with useful and practical information regarding resource usage and waste management.

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“…A number of studies investigated the material stock in buildings at different spatial levels [11], focusing on individual buildings [12,13], cities [14][15][16][17], regions [18], countries [19][20][21][22][23], and even country groups [24,25]. Most studies determine the building stock at a certain point of time, but not the dynamics over a longer time period [12,13,15,18,19,24]. Dynamics of the material stock in buildings for a certain time span are available at higher spatial scale [20,21,23,25] and to a lesser extent for cities.…”

Section: State Of Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material Flows and Stocks in the Urban Building Sector: A Case Study from Vienna for the Years 1990–2015

Lederer

Gassner

Keringer³

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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Population growth in cities leads to high raw material consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. In temperate climates were heating of buildings is among the major contributors to greenhouse gases, thermal insulation of buildings became a standard in recent years. Both population growth and greenhouse gas mitigation may thus have some influence on the quantity and composition of building material stock in cities. By using the case study of Vienna, this influence is evaluated by calculating the stock of major building materials (concrete, bricks, mortar, and plaster, steel, wood, glass, mineral wool, and polystyrene) between the years 1990 and 2015. The results show a growth of the material stock from 274 kt in the year 1990 to 345 kt in the year 2015, resulting in a total increase of 26%. During the same period, the population grew by 22%. On a material level, the increase of thermal insulation materials like polystyrene and mineral wool by factors of 6.5 and 2.5 respectively were much higher than for other materials, indicating energy efficiency and greenhouse gas mitigation in the building construction sector. The displacement of brickwork by concrete as the most important construction material, however, is rather a response to population growth as concrete buildings can be raised faster. A question for the future is to which extent this change from brickwork to high carbon-intensive concrete countervails the achievements in greenhouse gas reduction by thermal insulation.

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Material stocks of the non-residential building sector: the case of the Rhine-Main area

Cited by 44 publications

References 12 publications

Embodied GHGs in a Fast Growing City: Looking at the Evolution of a Dwelling Stock using Structural Element Breakdown and Policy Scenarios

Embodied GHGs in a Fast Growing City: Looking at the Evolution of a Dwelling Stock using Structural Element Breakdown and Policy Scenarios

Estimation of Mining and Landfilling Activities with Associated Overburden through Satellite Data: Germany 2000–2010

Material Flows and Stocks in the Urban Building Sector: A Case Study from Vienna for the Years 1990–2015

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