Material Selection And Optimization Of Conditions For Electrooxidation Of Nitrofurazone: A Comparative Study Of Tin And Lead Dioxides

Abstract

The electrochemical oxidation of nitrofurazone with SnO2, doped by platinum group metals, and pure PbO2 has been investigated. Тhe oxidation rate of nitrofurazone with PbO2-anode is 5.3 times higher compared to doped SnO2 anodes. It was found that the presence of 1; 2 and 3 g l−1 NaCl in electrolyte affects the efficiency of the electrooxidation process in the case of doped SnO2 anodes, the oxidation rate of nitrofurazone increases by 2.3; 3.7; 5.8 times, respectively. Using of doped SnO2 in chloride-containing media allows one to achieve the same rate of destruction of nitrofurazone as when using lead dioxide. Moreover, SnO2 doped electrodes are characterized by the production of a large number of hypochlorous acid and have a higher service life compared to PbO2 in such harsh conditions.

ЕЛЕКТРОХІМІЧНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА Ti/Pt ТА Ti/Pt-Pd ЕЛЕКТРОДІВ

“…All chemicals were analytical reagent grade. Platinized titanium electrodes were obtained by the original method, which includes the stages of preliminary preparation of the titanium substrate [18], followed by electroplating a platinum coating.…”

“…Next, a thin layer of platinum was electrodeposited (the platinum content in the active layer was 8 mg cm -2 ) from the alkaline electrolyte containing K2PtCl6; NaNO2 and NH3 solution [18], with cathode current densities equal to 12 mA cm -2 and temperature 70 °C. The resulting electrodes were then chemically oxidized in a mixture (1 : 1) of concentrated H2SO4 and H2O2 and thermally treated in air in a tube furnace at temperatures of 500 °C for an hour.…”

“…Electrochemical processes were investigated on a Pt rotating disk electrode (Pt-RDE, 0.19 cm 2 ) by steady-state voltammetry, chronoampero-metry. Before each experiment, the electrode surface was treated with a freshly prepared mixture (1 : 1) of concentrated H2SO4 and H2O2 [14;18]. This preliminary treatment technique permits to stabilize the electrode surface, which under the action of strong oxidizing medium is oxidized to a certain state (defined phase and chemical composition of the surface oxides), which determines the satisfactory reproducibility in taking of cyclic voltammograms in the background electrolyte.…”

Study of the Process of Electrochemical Oxidation of Active Pharmaceutical Substances on the Example of Nitrofurazone ((2E)-2-[(5-Nitro-2-furyl)methylene]hydrazine Carboxamide)

“…Electrochemical treatment methods can be applied for the mineralization of nitrofurazone [44]; however, a number of issues need to be solved before using them. Firstly, the electrochemical oxidation of organic pollutants of complex chemical nature can be incomplete, which results in the accumulation of various metabolites in aqueous solutions under the treatment.…”

Огляд: Вплив Природи Матеріалу Електрода На Анодні Процеси У Хлоридних Розчинах

“…In the case of RuO2 and IrO2, for which the optimal binding energy between the oxide surface and oxygen-containing particles is observed, the maximum catalytic activity both in OER and CER is observed. However, in later work it was shown by the XPS method that oxygencontaining intermediate particles, for example, on the surface of PbO2, on the contrary, are characterized by high bond strength to the surface [48]. The author shows that there is an increase in OER overvoltage and vice versa when modifying lead dioxide with ionic additives that increase the binding energy of intermediate particles with the surface.…”