Material Selection And Development Of Ankle Foot Orthotic Device

Sarma, Tribedi; Pandey, Divya; Sahai, Nitin; Tewari, Ravi Prakash

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2019.07.107

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This is as shown in Figure 10 where reduction of material created by Voronoi pattern is noticeable when compare to the model of optimized KAFO in Figure 11. Several materials are used in 3D printing process, from previous research [17] it is found that 13% Kevlar fibre is the best material printing. Analysis is carried out with different type of material which is acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA), nylon (PA12), polypropylene (PP) and 13% Kevlar fibre reinforced ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) to determine whether the finding is true.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightweight design of Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthotic Devices using Voronoi patterns for Additive Manufacturing

Khan,

Zaidan,

Tajul

2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Traditionally fabricated knee-ankle-foot orthosis (KAFO) device that is used to aid in the mobility user is uncomfortable. Problems such as weight and enclosure in almost all the part of the leg make it strenuous and humid for the user to wear for a long time. Furthermore, in the traditional production method, it can take up to a week to fabricate. The aim of this study is to redesign the knee-ankle-foot-orthosis by using the application of topology optimization in order to reduce the material used on the product and to make it lightweight. The parameters of the KAFO were determined by using indirect method; similar to traditional method. The modelling and analysis of the KAFO is completed by using CAD and CAE software. Optimization of the product is performed by redesigning the shape and applying topology optimization function. It is able to reduce the maximum stress of the product by 22.56% and the volume by 4.33%. Application of the Voronoi pattern further reduces the mass of the KAFO and produces more organic looks to the product. SLS Lisa Pro 3D printer is used to produce the KAFO in a period of less than a week. This prove to be a viable alternative for producing customized KAFO.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightweight design of Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthotic Devices using Voronoi patterns for Additive Manufacturing

Khan,

Zaidan,

Tajul

2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…19 of the 63 articles were included in this review in the last phase because they met the inclusion criteria. The 19 studies included outcomes such as mechanical tests [ 15 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ], finite element method (FEM) simulations [ 19 , 21 , 23 ], participant feedback (healthy participants) [ 24 , 25 , 26 ] patient feedback (non-healthy participants) [ 19 , 22 , 27 ], QUEST [ 15 , 28 ], kinematics [ 15 , 22 , 23 , 26 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ], kinetics [ 23 , 26 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 35 ], observation after trial [ 27 , 36 ], dimensional accuracy [ 25 ] and EMG [ 30 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of the papers used fused deposition modeling (FDM) [ 15 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 24 , 27 , 28 , 33 , 34 ] and selective laser sintering (SLS) [ 25 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 35 , 36 ]. Multi-jet fusion (MJF) [ 22 ] and stereolithography (SLA) [ 26 ] were also used, and one manuscript did not describe the printing method [ 23 ]. The AM printing method will bring pros and cons to the orthoses manufacturing and quality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… CI Confidence Interval. a Not all studies compared to traditionally thermoformed polypropylene AFOs; b Differences in type of Participants/Patients conditions; c Differences in type of AM/Traditional AFO assessed; d Participants/Patients number assessed low; e No quantitative assessment; f No blinding of AFOs; g Sarma et al [ 23 ] does not reference the exact number of participants, so the value of 1 element was considered. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Additive Manufacturing Studies for Producing Customized Ankle-Foot Orthoses

et al. 2022

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Ankle-foot orthoses (AFO) are prescribed to improve the patient’s quality of life. Supporting weak muscles or restraining spastic muscles leads to smoother and more stable locomotion. Commonly, AFO are made using thermoplastic vacuum forming, which requires a long time for production and has limited design options. Additive manufacturing (AM) can solve this problem, leading to a faster and cheaper solution. This review aimed to investigate what is the state-of-art using AM for AFO. Evaluating the used manufacturing processes, customization steps, mechanical properties, and biomechanical features in humans would provide significant insights for further research. The database searches combined AM and AFO with no year or publication type restrictions. Studies must have examined outcomes on human participants with the orthoses built by AM. Other types of orthotic devices or different manufacturing techniques were excluded. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. As stated by having all studies conducted in the last nine years, this is a very recent domain. Different AM processes have been used, with the majority relying on Fused Deposition Modeling. Overall, the manuscripts’ quality is deficient, which is critical to promoting further studies with higher samples. Except for one paper, AM-printed AFO was comparable or superior to the thermoplastic vacuum forming AFO in mechanical tests, kinematics, kinetics, and participant feedback.

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“…Prefabricated AFOs and premade modular orthotic systems are frequently made from PP. [125,143,144] One of the limitations of PP for use in orthoses is its sensitivity to cold weather. PP becomes brittle in very cold weather and shatters.…”

Section: Thermoplastic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials and Manufacturing for Ankle–Foot Orthoses: A Review

Nouri

Wang

et al. 2023

Adv Eng Mater

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Ankle‐foot orthoses (AFOs) assist patients with gait impairment by correcting ankle and foot deformities, restoring mobility, reducing pain, and providing protection and immobilization. AFOs can beneficially manage various types of gait pathologies, including foot drop, crouch gait, equinus gait, and stiff knee gait. AFOs are produced in prefabricated or custom‐made forms in various designs. The selection criteria for the fabrication of an AFO are the duration of usage, the amount of applied force, the degree of axial loading, the patient’s skin condition, and the cost. The accessibility of diverse materials in the past century has greatly advanced orthoses. The ideal orthotic materials must be light, stiff, and strong, and are made of plastics, metals, polymer‐based composites, leather, or a hybrid of different materials. Deeper understanding of the materials employed in the fabrication of AFOs will lead to more advanced and efficient orthoses, which can improve patients’ ability to ambulate in the real world. The present review provides insight into the various materials utilized for the fabrication of AFOs and describes the benefits and challenges associated with these materials. An attempt has also been made to highlight typical gait pathologies and design concepts in response to these.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Material Selection And Development Of Ankle Foot Orthotic Device

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Lightweight design of Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthotic Devices using Voronoi patterns for Additive Manufacturing

Lightweight design of Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthotic Devices using Voronoi patterns for Additive Manufacturing

A Review of Additive Manufacturing Studies for Producing Customized Ankle-Foot Orthoses

Materials and Manufacturing for Ankle–Foot Orthoses: A Review

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