“…This is also shown by bands and veins which are strongly folded. The veins themselves, however, can be observed to cut strongly deformed (thinned) layers, and thus the folds shown by bands only indicate a late phase of the strain history (Yavuz et al, 2005b). These marbles are composed mainly of several varieties of calcite and dolomite, which are assigned to seven layers and are briefly described below from the bottom to the top layer (Fig.…”
Section: Kestanecik Marble (Km) Horizonmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…It has a cataclastic appearance where the original rock was extensively fractured. The brecciated zones are primary joint surfaces filled with ferrous impurities (Yavuz et al, 2005b).…”
Section: çAyboyu Marble (çM) Horizonmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Accessory minerals are quartz and phlogopite. The colour of the layer ranges from white to greyish white depending on the degree of alteration of the rock (Yavuz et al, 2005b). Sample KM-4 was gathered from this layer.…”
“…This is also shown by bands and veins which are strongly folded. The veins themselves, however, can be observed to cut strongly deformed (thinned) layers, and thus the folds shown by bands only indicate a late phase of the strain history (Yavuz et al, 2005b). These marbles are composed mainly of several varieties of calcite and dolomite, which are assigned to seven layers and are briefly described below from the bottom to the top layer (Fig.…”
Section: Kestanecik Marble (Km) Horizonmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…It has a cataclastic appearance where the original rock was extensively fractured. The brecciated zones are primary joint surfaces filled with ferrous impurities (Yavuz et al, 2005b).…”
Section: çAyboyu Marble (çM) Horizonmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Accessory minerals are quartz and phlogopite. The colour of the layer ranges from white to greyish white depending on the degree of alteration of the rock (Yavuz et al, 2005b). Sample KM-4 was gathered from this layer.…”
A database of the ancient marbles of Göktepe near Aphrodisias is reported, and includes 160 white, black and bichrome samples from 13 quarries and two waste deposits. The quarries are grouped into four districts. Districts 1 and 2, to the north, produced exclusively black or dark grey marbles (nero antico). Districts 3 and 4 produced white statuary marble. Nero antico and a black and white stone were also quarried in district 4, where the black marble surfaces again. The samples were characterized using petrography, isotopic analysis, EPR spectroscopy and trace analysis. The Göktepe white exhibits an unparalleled combination of fine grain, low EPR intensity and high strontium concentration that often allows easy identification. The isotopic values are less distinctive and similar to those for Carrara. In most cases, however, they are tightly grouped and also quite indicative. The black marbles exhibit a much weaker metamorphic overprint. With respect to the white marbles, they show analytical similarities but also notable differences. Therefore, establishing their provenance can be more difficult and may require the support of petrographic analysis. The results suggest that the Göktepe marbles were among the most prized and widespread statuary marbles used in Roman times, particularly from the early second century AD onwards.
“…Both techniques provide a rapid and inexpensive measure of the surfacemechanical properties of rockmaterials (Aydin and Basu, 2005). Some authors consider that rock hardness is one of the most important parameters for determining rock properties for constructional purposes (Yasar and Erdogan, 2004;Yavuz et al, 2005), and also thatweathering significantly influences the engineering properties of rocks (Karpuz and Pasamehmetoglu, 1997). Schmidt hammer values in combination with ultrasonic velocity have been used for estimating the weathering rate and "physical state" of granites (Irfan and Dearman, 1978).…”
The Church of the Assumption of Our Lady, in Valdemorillo (Madrid, Spain) is almost entirely built with granitoids. The studies and analyses were focused on the oldest part of the building (Ghosts Corner), which will be restored and rehabilitated in the near future. Homogeneous monzogranite is the predominant granitoid used in the Ghosts Corner, followed by granitic porphyry, porphyrytic monzogranite, gneiss and leucogranite. The original quarries that supplied homogeneous monzogranites for the first construction stages correspond to blocks present in the monument's surroundings. Quarries that supplied the granitic porphyries correspond to the dykes located to east-southeast of Valdemorillo, which are oriented N-S in relation to their intrusion direction. The combined use of ultrasonic velocity and Schmidt hammer techniques allowed, first, selection of the most representative blocks and ashlars for sampling. This reduced sampling to a minimum, but yielded representative results for the whole building. Second, the combined values were used to compare results for the building stones of the church to rocks from the surrounding quarries. Stones from the building showed lower ultrasonic and Schmidt hammer values, and higher porosity and water saturation values compared to the original quarry rocks. The anisotropy indices are directly related to the decay processes in the stone: spalling of homogeneous monzogranite and grain disintegration in granitic porphyries. Finally, the methods applied are inexpensive, easy to use and non-destructive techniques, very advisable properties when working with built heritage.
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