Material properties of large-volume cadmium zinc telluride crystals and their relationship to nuclear detector performance

James, R. B.; Brunett, B. A.; Heffelfinger, J. R.; Scyoc, J. Van; Lund, J.C.; Doty, F. Patrick; Lingren, C.L.; Olsen, Richard W.; Cross, E.; Hermon, H.; Yoon, Hyoseok; Hilton, Nathan R.; Schieber, M.; Lee, E. Y.; Toney, J.; Schlesinger, T. E.; Goorsky, Mark S.; Yao, Wen; Chen, H.; Bürger, A.

doi:10.1007/s11664-998-0055-x

Cited by 65 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…The crystals that we have studied typically contain crystal defects such as pipes and tellurium precipitates or inclusions 25,30 that are identifiable through infrared transmission microscopy. One possible explanation for the poor uniformity in the detector response is that these defects either directly or indirectly affect charge generation or cause nonuniform electron trapping.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron trapping nonuniformity in high-pressure-Bridgman-grown CdZnTe

Amman

Lee

Luke

2002

Journal of Applied Physics

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Gamma-ray spectroscopy is a valuable tool of science and technology. Many applications for this tool are in need of a detector technology capable of achieving excellent energy resolution and efficient detection while operating at room temperature. Detectors based on the material cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe) could potentially meet this need if certain material deficiencies are addressed. The coplanar-grid as well as other electron-only detection techniques are effective in overcoming some of the material problems of CdZnTe and, consequently, have led to efficient gamma-ray detectors with good energy resolution while operating at room temperature. At the present time, the performance of these detectors is mainly limited by the degree of uniformity in electron generation and transport. Despite recent progress in the growth of CdZnTe material, small variations in these properties remain a barrier to the widespread success of such detectors. Alphaparticle response characterization of CdZnTe crystals fabricated into simple planar detectors provides an effective tool to accurately study such variations. We have used a finely collimated alpha source to produce two-dimensional maps of detector response. For a number of crystals, a clear correlation has been observed between their alpha response maps and the distribution of tellurium inclusions inside the crystals. An analysis of the induced charge signals indicates that regions of enhanced electron trapping are associated with the inclusions, and that these regions extend beyond the physical size of the inclusions. Such regions introduce non-uniform electron trapping in the material that then degrades the spectroscopic performance of the material as a gamma-ray detector.2

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron trapping nonuniformity in high-pressure-Bridgman-grown CdZnTe

Amman

Lee

Luke

2002

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…The flat surface represents the averaged level of the device response, and the many "wells" in the figure correspond to the locations of the precipitates in CZT. In the past, X-ray, gamma-ray, and alphaparticle scans of CZT detectors were performed to investigate the uniformity of device response [8,9], but the size of the beams used in those measurements were 100 µm or larger. It turned out that the size of the beam used for the scans is an important factor, because it limits the ability to spatially resolve the effects of isolated detectable precipitates.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Te precipitates on the performance of CdZnTe detectors

Carini

Bolotnikov

Camarda

et al. 2006

Applied Physics Letters

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150

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Measurements using the National Synchrotron Light Source provided a detailed comparisons of the microscale detector response and infrared microscopy images for CdZnTe Frisch-ring x-ray and gamma detectors. Analysis of the data showed conclusively that local deteriorations of the electron charge collection and x-ray device response fully correlate with the presence of Te precipitates as seen in the IR images. Effects of the surface processing conditions on the detector performance were also clearly observed.

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“…Physical properties are based on the melt and solid phases of cadmium zinc telluride, a II-VI semiconductor crystal of strategic importance for radiation detection and homeland security [42][43][44], given in Lun et al [45]. For this test problem we employ the following values for the dimensionless parameters: j = 0.5, PeS = 10 À3 , T mp = 0, Bi = 10, and T f = z.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%