Material properties of historic parchment: A reference collection survey

Možir, Alenka; Cigić, Irena Kralj; Marinšek, Marjan; Strlič, Matija

doi:10.1179/2047058413y.0000000100

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The presence of a lipid component would also explain the strong C-H absorptions observed at 2,920 cm −1 and 2,850 cm −1 , moreover as these absorptions appear strongly correlated with the absorptions of the zinc carboxylates (Vetter, Latini, and Schreiner 2019). A small fraction lipid, typically between 0.2 and 3.0% (Možir et al, 2014), could also be due to amino acid residues of the polypeptide chains found in leather, but these are typically characterized by weak C-H stretching modes (Manfredi et al, 2015). The hypothesis of using a lipid material on the parchment surface seems to be sustained by the small carbonyl band observed in some of the registered spectra between 1734 and 1740 cm −1 (Vichi, Eliazyan, and Kazarian 2018).…”

Section: Fourier Transform Infrared Analysismentioning

confidence: 90%

Application of Spectroscopic and Hyperspectral Imaging Techniques for Rapid and Nondestructive Investigation of Jewish Ritual Parchment

et al. 2020

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The article presents a multi-analytic investigation of a severely degraded Jewish ritual parchment coming from a private collection. The main aim of the study was to obtain key information on the parchment manufacturing technique and original materials used, information that could help understand the historical context of the object. To this aim, a series of noninvasive investigations were carried out by means of multi- and hyperspectral imaging, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. Specific degradations and mapping of previous conservation treatments could be highlighted via multispectral imaging. Short-wave infrared images indicated the use of both iron gall and carbon black ink, probably one related to the original writing and the other to a later intervention. To improve the imaging of degraded or partially lost text, a linear spectral unmixing classification of the HSI dataset was proposed that showed promising results, allowing it to be applied to similar objects. XRF analysis offered an in-depth view of the chemical fingerprint of the original iron gall ink and critical findings on the existence of other inorganic compounds originating from the parchment manufacture. Registered FTIR data indicated denaturation of the collagen fibers and the presence of fungal-derived calcium oxalates and zinc carboxylates. In accordance with ancient Jewish parchment preparation techniques, the use of calcium sulfate, vegetable tannins, and oils was also inferred from the registered infrared spectra. The corroborated results offer valuable information on the origin, production technology, and overall degradation state of the parchment manuscript. Not least, the findings could be of great interest for conservators and restorers in the field.

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Section: Fourier Transform Infrared Analysismentioning

confidence: 90%

Application of Spectroscopic and Hyperspectral Imaging Techniques for Rapid and Nondestructive Investigation of Jewish Ritual Parchment

et al. 2020

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“…Manfredi et al [43] stated that water is the only binding agent, which forms intermolecular bonds that join the fibres by means of hydrogen-bond bridges. Možir et al [3] informed that long-term degradation of parchment is a reflection of breakdown of the collagen structure, caused by water and other factors. Hansen et al [44] explained that water affects collagen in several different ways.…”

Section: Stain Caused By Water (Wetness Stain)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their molecular subunits are polypeptide chains with various amino acid side chains Rx:(-NH-CHRx-CO-)n [2]. Type I collagen is a fibrous protein with a well-known basic unit consisting of three highly abundant amino acids, which are glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline [3]. The major constituent of parchment is the hydroxyproline amino acid polypeptide protein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Traditional to Laser Cleaning Techniques of Parchment Manuscripts: A Review

2020

Advanced Research in Conservation Science

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• Dirt and stains cause deterioration and big problem for the surface of parchment manuscripts. • Traditional and laser cleaning techniques of parchment manuscripts are studied. • All cleaning techniques have advantages and disadvantages, and all are required depending on specific criteria. • Effective analytical techniques are very necessary to detect the suitable cleaning materials and techniques.

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“…To explore correlations between more than two variables, multivariate analysis can be conducted, such as PCA and multiple regression. An example of this approach is given by Možir et al [69]. In their study on parchment degradation, the data collected from a reference collection of historic parchment (100 samples) was analysed statistically using principal component analysis to find correlations between the shrinkage temperature, indicator of parchment degradation (outcome variable), and a number of exposure variables (such as pH, lipid content or age of the documents).…”

Section: Observational Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of wear and tear in archival and library collections. Part I: exploring the concepts of reliability and epidemiology

2019

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Wear and tear is the outcome of degradation most frequently reported in assessments of archival and library collections. It is also problematic to study in controlled experiments, due to the difficulty in reproducing the conditions in which original objects are kept and used in archives and libraries. Hence, data collected from actual collections, for instance during surveys, could provide the evidence on how wear and tear occurs. However, to be useful, such data need to be purposely collected and analysed: unlike the usual collection surveys, the aim is not to quantify the prevalence of a certain damage type but to provide evidence on how such damage occurs. In this paper we explore whether two approaches used in other disciplines could be useful: reliability engineering, the method that deals with failure in complex systems, and epidemiology, which explores diseases in defined populations. We show that based on reliability engineering we can decide which data related to the causes of mechanical failure should be collected during collection surveys, while using epidemiology we can develop the study design and the data analysis needed to study the relationship between mechanical failure, and the factors that might affect the degree of failure. The results of epidemiological studies in heritage collections could provide quantitative evidence of patterns of decay in collections, and corroborate the qualitative analysis provided by reliability. The results can directly support collection management decisions or can be used in mathematical models in which the effect of preservation measures is explored.

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Material properties of historic parchment: A reference collection survey

Cited by 21 publications

References 49 publications

Application of Spectroscopic and Hyperspectral Imaging Techniques for Rapid and Nondestructive Investigation of Jewish Ritual Parchment

Application of Spectroscopic and Hyperspectral Imaging Techniques for Rapid and Nondestructive Investigation of Jewish Ritual Parchment

From Traditional to Laser Cleaning Techniques of Parchment Manuscripts: A Review

Accumulation of wear and tear in archival and library collections. Part I: exploring the concepts of reliability and epidemiology

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