Material Properties: Measurement and Data

Wakeham, W. A.; Assael, Marc J.; Marmur, Abraham; Coninck, J. De; Blake, T. D.; Theron, S. A.; Zussman, Eyal

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-30299-5_3

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…For example, a controllable hydrophobicity of cellulose fiber is strongly demanded during printing process of paper products for high-quality printing since contact time of ink with paper is of milliseconds. A precise knowledge of how the rate of wetting affects the printing quality is good for process control (Wakeham et al 2007). …”

Section: Formation Of Cpam/ls Multilayers On Cellulose Fibermentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface modification of cellulose fibers with layer-by-layer self-assembly of lignosulfonate and polyelectrolyte: effects on fibers wetting properties and paper strength

Peng

et al. 2012

Cellulose

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To convert the hydrophilic cellulose fiber into hydrophobic, multilayers composed of cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) and lignosulfonate (LS) were constructed on cellulose fiber surface using layer-bylayer (LBL) self-assembly technique. The presence of CPAM/LS multilayers were validated by zeta potential, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that potential of fiber surface inversed after deposition of each layer, the contents of characteristic elements (i.e. S and N) of CPAM/LS multilayers increased with increasing bilayer number, furthermore, the calculated surface LS content increased linearly as a function of bilayers. AFM phase images indicated that the cellulose microfibrils on fiber surface were gradually covered by LS granules, resulting in an increase in fiber surface roughness as self-assembly proceeded. The wetting properties of modified cellulose fibers were detected by dynamic contact angle measurement. The results showed that the initial water contact angle gradually increased and the attenuation rate of the contact angle gradually decreased with the number of bilayers, suggesting that the controllable hydrophobicity of cellulose fiber can be achieved depending on the number of bilayers. It also showed that the polyelectrolyte presented in the outermost layer significantly influenced the wetting properties of cellulose fibers, and a higher hydrophobicity was observed when LS was in the outermost layer. Moreover, tensile strength test was performed on the handsheet prepared from LBL modified fibers to evaluate the effect of CPAM/ LS multilayers on strength property of cellulose fiber networks. The tensile index of handsheet prepared from fibers modified with a (CPAM/LS) 5 multilayer increased by 12.4% compared with that of handsheet prepared from original fibers. The print density of handsheet increased with the number of bilayers, suggesting that printability of the handsheet was improved by constructing CPAM/LS multilayers on cellulose fiber surface. This strategy will have a positive impact and potential application value in printing process control of cellulose fiber-based products.

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Section: Formation Of Cpam/ls Multilayers On Cellulose Fibermentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface modification of cellulose fibers with layer-by-layer self-assembly of lignosulfonate and polyelectrolyte: effects on fibers wetting properties and paper strength

Peng

et al. 2012

Cellulose

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“…Vibrating-wire densimeters are widely used for measurements of both density and viscosity at high pressures; [186][187][188][189][190][191] they are essentially hydrostatic weighing densimeters where a solid sinker suspended in a fluid sets the wire under tension. The buoyancy force on the sinker, caused by the fluid, reduces the wire tension and thereby lowers its resonant frequency from that measured in vacuum.…”

Section: Methods and Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In turn, the magnetic force is determined from the coil current, usually by calibrating the instrument with liquids of accurately known density. 191,[203][204][205][206][207][208][209][210] An interesting instrument was developed by Keramati and Wolgemuth. 211 The density float consists of a disk on the periphery of which two cylindrical floats are permanently attached with a separation angle of 451 measured with respect to the horizontal pivot permanently mounted through the centre of the disk.…”

Section: Methods and Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

CHAPTER 7. Excess Volumes of Liquid Nonelectrolyte Mixtures

Wilhelm¹,

Grolier²

2014

Volume Properties

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“…Viscosity measurements were made using a falling-sphere viscometer [ 35 ]. It involves using the time of free-fall of an object under the influence of gravity through the fluid of interest to determine viscosity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and properties of the egg mass of the ommastrephid squid Todarodes pacificus

et al. 2017

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The Japanese flying squid, Todarodes pacificus, is thought to spawn neutrally buoyant egg masses that retain a specific location in the water column by floating at the interface between water layers of slightly different densities. It is important to understand the physical process that determines the vertical distribution of the egg masses to predict their horizontal drift in relation to embryo survival and subsequent recruitment. Here, mesocosm experiments were conducted in a 300 m3 tank by creating a thermally stratified (17–22°C) water column to obtain egg masses. A cage net methodology was developed to sustain egg masses for detailed observation. We measured the density of the egg masses of T. pacificus, and used this information to infer the vertical distribution patterns of the egg masses at the spawning grounds (Tsushima Strait, Japan). When measured separately, the density of the outer jelly of each egg mass was 2.7 σ units higher than that of the surrounding water. The outer jelly and the specific gravity of embedded individual eggs (~1.10) cause the egg masses to have very slight negative buoyancy relative to the water in which they are formed. Analysis of the vertical profile of the spawning ground showed that water density (σθ) increased sharply at ~30 m depth; thus, egg masses might settle above the pycnocline layer. In conclusion, we suggest that T. pacificus egg masses might retain their location in the water column by floating at the interface between water layers of slightly different densities, which happen to be above the pycnocline layer (actual depth varies seasonally/annually) in the Tsushima Strait between Korea and Japan.

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Material Properties: Measurement and Data

Cited by 12 publications

References 180 publications

Surface modification of cellulose fibers with layer-by-layer self-assembly of lignosulfonate and polyelectrolyte: effects on fibers wetting properties and paper strength

Surface modification of cellulose fibers with layer-by-layer self-assembly of lignosulfonate and polyelectrolyte: effects on fibers wetting properties and paper strength

CHAPTER 7. Excess Volumes of Liquid Nonelectrolyte Mixtures

Structure and properties of the egg mass of the ommastrephid squid Todarodes pacificus

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