Material Implications of Rural Electrification—A Methodological Framework to Assess In-Use Stocks of Off-Grid Solar Products and EEE in Rural Households in Bangladesh

Batteiger, Alexander; Rotter, Vera Susanne

doi:10.3390/recycling3010007

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Such compounds as ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen chloride and hydrogen bromide were also analysed. It was observed that for most of the samples, HBr was not found in the exhaust gases (samples 1-5, 7-18) and no increases in HCl in the concentrations of 12 samples were observed (samples 1-7, 9,11,13,16,18).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…It is estimated that the electrical and electronic equipment in use these days represents the greatest increase in waste volume with an annual growth of 4% [7][8][9]; on a global scale this corresponds to 20 to 50 mil tons of waste [10][11][12][13]. Europe produces around 12 mil tons of electronic waste (WEEE), which equals around 23 kg per person, Europe's population equals 505.7 mil [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Temperature Fluidized Bed Processing of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) as a Way to Recover Raw Materials

2021

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This paper explores the effectiveness of metal recovery and values of gaseous emissions during thermal e-waste processing followed by magnetic separation. The thermal process of conversion of this kind of waste is difficult due to the uncertainty of the operation when compared to the processing of homogeneous materials. This is due to their complex and heterogeneous structure. The adoption of the fluidized bed reactor makes the process feasible, stabilizing it significantly and limiting emissions of harmful gases. Mobile cellphones were used as the raw input material of 450 g total mass. During the thermal transformation, the exhaust gases such as: CO, CO2, NOx, SO2, HCI, HBr, HCN, NH3, phenol, hydrocarbons, HF and COCI2 were analysed. The thermal treatment resulted in 333.6 g of solids in the fluidized bed. They were fragmented into grains smaller than 1 mm and 0.5 mm. The process of magnetic enrichment was used next on grains greater than 1 mm and smaller than 0.5 mm. The process was carried out using a neodymium magnet for particles >1 mm and a plate electromagnetic separator (powered by a three-phase current) together with a 1-disc tape-type separator, which was used for particles <1 mm. Such an approach resulted in the recovery of 81.9% of cobalt, 96.6% of iron and 99.2% of neodymium. The most efficient method of magnetic enriching (MS) proved to be the use of the electromagnetic plate separator.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Temperature Fluidized Bed Processing of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) as a Way to Recover Raw Materials

2021

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“…Italy [24], the Netherlands [25], France [26], South Africa [27], Morocco [28], Tanzania [29], Malaysia [30],…”

Section: B Selection Of the Existingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on E-waste Management For its Effective Implementation in India

Bhale¹,

Biradar²

2021

International Journal of Computational and Electronic Aspects in Engineering

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Studies on sustainable control of waste from electric and digital equipment (or e-waste) have received growing interest from researchers round the sector in latest years, with investigations into diverse factors of e-waste control had been investigated. Using content material evaluation, 3 primary factors of the present research had been evaluated: the distribution and traits of the publications, the scope and barriers of the research, and the modern studies practices and studies application. Another obstacle became observed associated with the variations withinside the choice of studies topics and the extent of evaluation led to versions withinside the scopes and barriers of the present research. Various different studies regions had been investigated in addition primarily based totally on their studies findings; however, the evaluation of diverse methodological factors became complex because of the growing variety of newly advanced methodologies and the dearth of complete and updated evaluations in this studies area. We observed that complete and updated evaluations of the methodological factors of e-waste era are nevertheless lacking. Based at the studies gaps and boundaries discussed, hints for destiny studies had been made.

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“…In the current energy crisis, energy is considered to play as a key role in the achievement of good health, adequate social development and improved quality of life for people in developing countries in the world generally [1]. Both produced and consumed energy resources, especially renewable ones, in hydropower is particular have led to an increase in the demand for energy in many countries of the wourld [2].…”

Section: Introductionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Scale Hydropower as a Resources of Renewable Energy in Mozambique: Case of Chua River in Manica

Uamusse¹

2018

Preprint

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All hydropower project type requires an ample availability of stream flow data. Unfortunately most of the hydropower projects especially small hydropower projects are conducted on ungauged river and consequently hydrologists have for a longtime used stream flow estimation methods using the mean annual flows to gauge rivers. Unfortunately flow estimation methods which include the runoff data method, area ratio method and the correlation flow methods employ a lot of assumptions which affect their uncertainty. Although hydropower energy is one of most promising clean energy technologies available, it has potential drawbacks as compared with various other forms of renewable energy, such as biomass, solar and wind energy, due in particular to it high capital investment costs. For most of the rural population in Mozambique, access to conversional energy in the form of electricity is limited. The aim of the present investigation was to analyze the functions of the Chua micro-hydropower plant in the Manica district in Mozambique and to examine the possibility of increasing energy production there. The total power generation capacity currently installed in Mozambique is about 939 MW. Hydropower accounts for 561 MW or 61% of this, oil and natural gas in turn, for 27% and 12% of it, respectively.

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Material Implications of Rural Electrification—A Methodological Framework to Assess In-Use Stocks of Off-Grid Solar Products and EEE in Rural Households in Bangladesh

Cited by 6 publications

References 50 publications

High-Temperature Fluidized Bed Processing of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) as a Way to Recover Raw Materials

High-Temperature Fluidized Bed Processing of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) as a Way to Recover Raw Materials

A Review on E-waste Management For its Effective Implementation in India

Small Scale Hydropower as a Resources of Renewable Energy in Mozambique: Case of Chua River in Manica

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