Material fundamentals and clinical performance of plasma‐sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings: A review

Abstract

The clinical use of plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on metal implants has aroused as many controversies as interests over the last decade. Although faster and stronger fixation and more bone growth have been revealed, the performance of HA-coated implants has been doubted. This article will initially address the fundamentals of the material selection, design, and processing of the HA coating and show how the coating microstructure and properties can be a good predictor of the expected behavior in the body. Further discussion will clarify the major concerns with the clinical use of HA coatings and introduce a comprehensive review concerning the outcomes experienced with respect to clinical practice over the past 5 years. A reflection on the results indicates that HA coatings can promote earlier and stronger fixation but exhibit a durability that can be related to the coating quality. Specific relationships between coating quality and clinical performance are being established as characterization methods disclose more information about the coating.

Calcium orthophosphates (CaPO 4 ): Occurrence and properties

“…However, due to the chemical similarities to bone and teeth mineral (Table 3), HA is widely used as coatings on orthopedic (e.g., hip joint prosthesis) and dental implants (Dorozhkin 2013c; Suchanek and Yoshimura 1998;Sun et al 2001;Ong and Chan 1999;Dey et al 2009;Dorozhkin 2015a). HA bioceramics is very popular as well (Yuan et al 2009;Engin and Tas 1999;Mangano et al 2008).…”

Plasmas meet nanoparticles—where synergies can advance the frontier of medicine

“…This bioceramic material is the main mineral constituent of bone and tooth tissues, and HA coatings have revealed inspiring clinical advantages in promoting efficient implant fixation and implant-to-bone adhesion shortly after the implantation, as well as faster bone remodeling due to enhanced bidirectional growth and formation of a bonding interlayer between bone and implant [149]- [151]. Recently, nanoparticle HA dental enamel paste has been used for rapid repair of early caries lesions without the need of removing of healthy tooth material, commonly practiced in dentistry to ensure the filling stick [152].…”

In situ Effect of Nanohydroxyapatite Paste in Enamel Teeth Bleaching

“…31,32 Synthetic HAP has properties of biocompatibility 33 and osseointegration, which makes it a substitute for human bone in implants and prostheses. 34,35 The HAP formula is Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 , Ca/P ratio equal to 1.67 and has the most stable and least soluble calcium phosphate of all. 18 The structure of HAP allows the replacement of cations and isomorphic ions with great ease.…”