Material ejection attempts during laser keyhole welding

Robertson, Stephanie M.; Kaplan, Alexander; Frostevarg, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.04.052

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…As seen, in addition to common random nano/microstructures, the microgroove texture includes a large number of LIPSS areas and fine microholes with a LIPSS-textured surface. The microhole formation results from a "keyhole" effect observed after ablation with continuous wave (CW), long-pulse, and ultrashort-pulse lasers [86][87][88][89][90]. This effect is caused by the formation of microspots with enhanced laser beam absorption at some surface structures on the crater bottom that results in a higher ablation rate and the creation of a microhole that acts as a focusing cavity and further enhances the laser beam absorption due to multiple reflections [86][87][88][89].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superwicking Functionality of Femtosecond Laser Textured Aluminum at High Temperatures

et al. 2021

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An advanced superwicking aluminum material based on a microgroove surface structure textured with both laser-induced periodic surface structures and fine microholes was produced by direct femtosecond laser nano/microstructuring technology. The created material demonstrates excellent wicking performance in a temperature range of 23 to 120 °C. The experiments on wicking dynamics show a record-high velocity of water spreading that achieves about 450 mm/s at 23 °C and 320 mm/s at 120 °C when the spreading water undergoes intensive boiling. The lifetime of classic Washburn capillary flow dynamics shortens as the temperature increases up to 80 °C. The effects of evaporation and boiling on water spreading become significant above 80 °C, resulting in vanishing of Washburn’s dynamics. Both the inertial and visco-inertial flow regimes are insignificantly affected by evaporation at temperatures below the boiling point of water. The boiling effect on the inertial regime is small at 120 °C; however, its effect on the visco-inertial regime is essential. The created material with effective wicking performance under water boiling conditions can find applications in Maisotsenko cycle (M-cycle) high-temperature heat/mass exchangers for enhancing power generation efficiency that is an important factor in reducing CO2 emissions and mitigation of the global climate change.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superwicking Functionality of Femtosecond Laser Textured Aluminum at High Temperatures

et al. 2021

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“…The evaporation flux during the vacuum laser welding process was calculated using the numerical simulation method to explain the experimental results. The keyhole surface morphology was calculated based on the level set method [26][27][28], and the evaporation flux fields of Ti and Al on the keyhole surface were calculated using a multi-component evaporation model [10,11].…”

Section: Numerical Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is becoming difficult to obtain the required penetration depth only by increasing the energy input. Zhu B. et al researched melt flow rules in laser deep penetration welding [6]; Volpp J. studied the formation mechanism of hole splash in laser deep penetration welding [7]; Katayama S. et al researched high-power fiber laser welding [8] and welding defect prevention procedures [9]; Moskvitin G. V. performed some surveys on the industrial application of laser welding [10]; Robertson S. M. et al investigated the material loss caused by keyholes in laser welding [11]. In their research, they all found that too high laser power will cause many problems in the welding process, such as spatter, porosity, and unstable keyholes, which will lead to a decline in the welding quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Component Evaporation and Uneven Aluminum Distribution during High-Power Vacuum Laser Welding of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy

Wang

Zhang

Tan

et al. 2023

Metals

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Titanium alloy is an important material for the manufacture of key components of deep-sea submersibles. High-power vacuum laser welding is an important method for welding TC4 thick plate (40–120 mm) structures. However, due to the low melting point of aluminum, its uneven distribution in the weld caused by evaporation during welding affects the quality of joints. This paper conducted experimental and simulation studies to investigate the effect of process parameters on multi-component evaporation and uneven aluminum distribution. Based on a three-dimensional model of vacuum laser welding, the mechanism of the uneven distribution of aluminum in the weld is explained. The results show that the uneven distribution of aluminum in the weld is mainly related to the metal vapor behavior and keyhole morphology. As the welding speed rises from 1 m/min to 3 m/min, the proportion of aluminum in the metal vapor and the degree of compositional unevenness increase. When the laser power increases from 6 kW to 18 kW, the proportion of aluminum in the metal vapor and degree of unevenness increase, peak at 12 kW, and then decrease. This work facilitates the selection of suitable process parameters to reduce aluminum evaporation during the high-power vacuum welding of Ti-6Al-4V alloys. Joints with a more stable performance can be obtained by avoiding the uneven distribution of aluminum.

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“…It not only enhances the understanding of the laser-material interaction theory but also promotes the application and advancement of laser technology. 11,12 The interaction between laser and materials is closely associated with both laser parameters and material properties. Important factors such as power density, irradiation time, spot radius, and laser wavelength directly influence the laser's damaging effect and the resulting ablation morphology of the materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study of the interaction between lasers and materials holds immense significance. It not only enhances the understanding of the laser‐material interaction theory but also promotes the application and advancement of laser technology 11,12 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of continuous laser ablation model for lightweight quartz fiber reinforced phenolic composite

Yan,

Jin,

Pan

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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A comprehensive investigation into the interaction between a continuous wave (CW) laser and lightweight quartz fiber reinforced phenolic (LQFRP) composite would provide valuable insights into the characteristics and performance of ablation. To simulate the CW laser ablation of LQFRP composite, a 2D symmetrical element model was developed, incorporating the heat conduction equation, resin pyrolysis mechanism, and deformed geometry module. This model was the first to examine the internal pyrolysis degree and gas flow field of LQFRP composite under CW laser irradiation, and its predictions were in reasonable agreement with experimental measurements. Additionally, the model was used to simulate CW laser ablation with varying spot sizes and power densities. The results revealed that during the laser ablation process, an internal high‐pressure zone formed on the side of the ablation hole. The volatilization of SiO2 was identified as the dominant dissipation mechanism for material removal. The width of the ablation hole was positively correlated with the laser spot size, while the depth of the ablation hole was positively correlated with the laser power density.Highlights The model first studied the internal pyrolysis degree and flow field of LQFRP composite under laser irradiation. The volatilization of SiO2 was identified as the dominant dissipation mechanism for material removal. An internal high‐pressure zone formed on the side of the ablation hole during the laser ablation process. The width of the ablation hole was positively correlated with the laser spot size, while the depth of the ablation hole was positively correlated with the laser power density.

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Material ejection attempts during laser keyhole welding

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Superwicking Functionality of Femtosecond Laser Textured Aluminum at High Temperatures

Superwicking Functionality of Femtosecond Laser Textured Aluminum at High Temperatures

Multi-Component Evaporation and Uneven Aluminum Distribution during High-Power Vacuum Laser Welding of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy

Assessment of continuous laser ablation model for lightweight quartz fiber reinforced phenolic composite

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