Material, design, and fabrication of custom prosthetic liners for lower-extremity amputees: A review

Yang, Xingbang; Zhao, Ruoqi; Solav, Dana; Yang, Xuan; Lee, Duncan R.C.; Sparrman, Bjorn; Fan, Yubo; Herr, Hugh M.

doi:10.1016/j.medntd.2022.100197

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Different metamaterials were assigned to four identified liner regions as shown in Figure 8(a). Previous findings suggest 9,11 that an ideal liner should possess higher E at sites with greater tissue presence to limit relative motion, and lower E at sites of high stress concentration to alleviate pressure. We thus assigned D1, D2, D3 and D4 to DTE, DFE, PT and PF sites, respectively.…”

Section: Mechanical Characterisation Of Metamaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The uneven distribution of these stresses, especially elevated loading at load-sensitive bony prominence sites, is known to affect comfort and may increase the risk of tissue injury (e.g., ulceration). 3,7,8 Although prosthetic sockets are usually bespokely made to accommodate user-specific characteristics (e.g., residuum shape, tissue mechanical properties, painful sites), 9 most conventional prosthetic liners are batch-produced. In order to help distribute interface load, thus improve comfort and overall rehabilitation outcomes, custom liners have been reported, 9 though most of them focus on adapting to the shape of the residuum while still using conventional silicone materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 Many studies have been conducted to understand the effect of liner material and geometry on interface load distribution with a view to improve load distribution. 11,12 A recent review 9 suggests that changing localised liner material stiffness has proved effective in helping load redistribution. However, current manual approaches to achieve this, for example, cutting out ready-made silicone liners at load-sensitive sites then replacing them with silicone of different thickness, 9,10 is an inefficient means of producing patient-specific liners.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,12 A recent review 9 suggests that changing localised liner material stiffness has proved effective in helping load redistribution. However, current manual approaches to achieve this, for example, cutting out ready-made silicone liners at load-sensitive sites then replacing them with silicone of different thickness, 9,10 is an inefficient means of producing patient-specific liners. The sole use of conventional silicone materials also limits material choices, design freedom and manufacturability to achieve an even load distribution for personalised liners.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of 3D printed mechanical metamaterials for prosthetic liners

Devin,

Tang,

Hamilton

et al. 2024

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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This study focuses on novel design and evaluation of Elastic 50A (EL50) mechanical metamaterials with open-cell patterns for its potential application to lower limb residuum/socket interfaces, specifically that of a transtibial (TT) amputee. Mechanical characteristics, that is, effective Young’s modulus ( E), was tuned by altering metamaterial porosity, which was experimentally verified. Specifically, pore radius of the unit cell was varied to achieve a range of E-values (0.05–1.71 MPa) for these 3D printed metamaterials. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was conducted to evaluate pressure distribution across key load-bearing anatomical sites of a TT residuum. Using designed metamaterials for homogeneous liners, pressure profiles were studied and compared with a silicone liner case. Additionally, a custom metamaterial liner was designed by assigning appropriate metamaterials to four load-sensitive and tolerant anatomical sites of the TT residuum. The results suggest that lowest pressure variation (PV), as a measure of pressure distribution levels and potential comfort for amputees, was achieved by the custom metamaterial liner compared to any of the homogeneous liners included in this study. It is envisaged that this work may aid future design and development of custom liners using now commonly available 3D printing technologies and available elastomer materials to maximise comfort, tissue safety and overall rehabilitation outcomes for lower limb amputees.

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Section: Mechanical Characterisation Of Metamaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Assessment of 3D printed mechanical metamaterials for prosthetic liners

Devin,

Tang,

Hamilton

et al. 2024

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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“…Studies showed that more than 70 commercial prosthetic liners have been available on the market, demonstrating much attention to developing materials to manage temperature, perspiration, and infections [ 11 ]. Some natural (wool and silk) and synthetic (nylon, neoprene, lycra, and polypropylene) fabric materials are commonly used for prosthetic liners due to their conformability, resiliency, and perspiration [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%