2022
DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.807359
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Material Based Penalty-Cost Quantification Model for Construction Projects Influencing Waste Management

Abstract: The Construction and demolition (C and D) waste generation is a critical issue for the construction industry, which negatively affects the economy, environment, and society. This study estimates the penalty-cost based on the produced C&D wastes in steel and concrete skeleton projects. Field survey and the BOQ data were collected from five concrete and four steel skeleton projects. The difference of materials used and wastes generated between concrete and steel skeleton projects were evaluated statistic… Show more

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Cited by 35 publications
(22 citation statements)
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“…For this purpose, we have used partial least square (PLS) based SEM. Smart PLS 3.9 provides the best measurement parameters in the case of the PLS approach ( Avotra et al, 2021 ; Nawaz et al, 2022 ). There were also other reasons to opt for Smart PLS software, mainly it deals very well with the non-parametric data and handles complex models very comfortably ( Yingfei et al, 2021 ).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For this purpose, we have used partial least square (PLS) based SEM. Smart PLS 3.9 provides the best measurement parameters in the case of the PLS approach ( Avotra et al, 2021 ; Nawaz et al, 2022 ). There were also other reasons to opt for Smart PLS software, mainly it deals very well with the non-parametric data and handles complex models very comfortably ( Yingfei et al, 2021 ).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The validity and reliability of the data are checked through the measurement model, whereas the validities of the proposed hypotheses are confirmed through the structural model. The hypotheses are accepted or rejected based on the t-statistic and p -values ( An et al, 2021 ; Nawaz et al, 2022 ).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A research design is usually referred to as the overall approach that is adopted by a researcher to examine and investigate a particular phenomenon. A research design lays the foundation of the methodological plan of a particular study ( Nawaz et al, 2022 ). Therefore, it becomes imperative to select an appropriate research design to accomplish the research objectives effectively.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%