Material and method selection for efficient solid oxide fuel cell anode: Recent advancements and reviews

Abstract

Summary The energy crisis has reached to an alarming situation due to increase in population. To overcome the shortfall of energy, solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) being cheap, clean, and efficient renewable energy source is getting attention for electricity generation. Out of the three main components as anode, electrolyte, and cathode; anode/fuel electrode is an important component of SOFC because it allows the flow of electrons via external circuit to cathode generating the electric current and hence requires high electrical conductivity. In this review, anode materials synthesized until now are reviewed and by careful analysis categorized on the basis of operating temperature, conductivity, electrode polarization resistance, and structure. This comparison and categorization will provide selection criteria for state‐of‐the‐art and highly efficient anode materials for SOFC. In addition, the synthesis methods have been reviewed on the basis of their pros and cons, which will further facilitate the researchers to select the best synthesis method so as to get optimized properties of materials.

Crack propagation of planar and corrugated solid oxide fuel cells during cooling process

“…As an electrochemical device, solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) directly transforms chemical energy into electrical energy without an intermediate conversion of heat energy. The SOFC shows great prospect as the main energy source in the future because it has high‐energy transformation efficiency, high specific energy, and little or no toxic emission . The main types of SOFCs are planar and tubular, of which planar type is more common.…”

“…The SOFC shows great prospect as the main energy source in the future because it has high-energy transformation efficiency, high specific energy, and little or no toxic emission. [1][2][3][4] The main types of SOFCs are planar and tubular, of which planar type is more common. With the deeper investigation on structural optimization of SOFC, corrugated SOFC has attracted much attention because of its higher fuel utilization and power density, [5][6][7][8][9][10] and it processes these advantages by increasing triple-phase boundary (TPB) length compared with that of conventional planar SOFC.…”

A steel slag–derived Boudouard reaction catalyst for improved performance of direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells

“…Solid oxide electrolyte DCFCs, also called direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells (DC‐SOFCs), are the only type of DCFCs with all‐solid‐state structure . As one of the most promising types of fuel cells, SOFCs have a variety of electrode materials and configurations to suit different types of fuel . Compared with the DCFCs with molten electrolytes, DC‐SOFCs are free from the troubles of corrosion of cell components and leakage of molten matter .…”

“…[4][5][6] As one of the most promising types of fuel cells, SOFCs have a variety of electrode materials and configurations to suit different types of fuel. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Compared with the DCFCs with molten electrolytes, DC-SOFCs are free from the troubles of corrosion of cell components and leakage of molten matter. 5 However, the efficient mass transfer of solid carbon in the solid anode is the major challenge that DC-SOFCs must face.…”

Promotion on electrochemical performance of Ba‐deficient Ba1 − xBi0.05Co0.8Nb0.15O3 − δcathode for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells

“…Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are attaching increasing attention because of energy conversion efficiency 1 , less discharge of pollutants, and flexible usages of fuels 2,3 . The main composition of SOFC includes protonconducting 4 or oxygen ion-conducting electrolyte, anode, 5 and cathode. Recently, the current R&D makes efforts to reduce the operating temperature, [6][7][8] which will use more low-cost materials widely, accelerate start-up/ shut-down procedures, and improve the long-term durability 9 .…”