Material and energy flow through the UK iron and steel sector

Michaelis, Peter; Jackson, Tim

doi:10.1016/s0921-3449(00)00041-0

Cited by 52 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…There have been many studies regarding the material flow analysis (MFA) of iron and steel (Daigo et al, 2007;Michaelis and Jackson, 2000;Mueller et al, 2006;Pauliuk et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward the efficient recycling of alloying elements from end of life vehicle steel scrap

Ohno

Matsubae

Nakajima

et al. 2015

Resources, Conservation and Recycling

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There has been a sharp increase in the production of automobiles over the past decade. In 2010, one billion automobiles were in circulation worldwide. The automobile industry is one of the largest metals consumers and plays an important role in their sustainable use. Steel materials, including alloy steels that contain alloying elements (AEs) such as manganese, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum, are the main component of automobiles. The recycling of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) significantly affects the cycling of iron, steel, and AEs. Currently, ELV recycling is performed using the electric arc furnace (EAF). In this method, losses of AEs are likely to occur because their presence is rarely considered. This study evaluated the environmental and economic benefits of alternative ELV recycling schemes, which allow more efficient utilization of AEs found in ELV-derived steel scrap (ELV-dSS). The AE contents in ELV-dSS (as car-parts) were estimated by means of a waste input-output material flow analysis (WIO-MFA) model extended for the detailed analysis of automobile composition. Using Japanese data, it was found that sorting ELV-dSS by parts can result in a significant recovery of AEs; more specifically, a 10fold saving in AEs was achieved by sorting exhaust parts. The recoverable mass of AEs from sorted ELV-dSS was found to correspond to 8.2% of the annual consumption of AEs in Japan, as virgin resources in EAF steelmaking. ELV-dSS sorting was found to be significantly effective in the conservation of AE resources.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward the efficient recycling of alloying elements from end of life vehicle steel scrap

Ohno

Matsubae

Nakajima

et al. 2015

Resources, Conservation and Recycling

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“…The steel material cycle has been the subject of quite a few material flow analysis (MFA) studies based on the bottom-up approach. 7,8) While these MFA studies can provide valuable information about the existing amounts of targeted materials, [8][9][10][11][12] it is difficult to trace the supply chain of all the materials used in products throughout the country by using the bottom-up approach. The fact that ferrous materials are one of the most commonly and widely used materials in our society calls for taking a bird's-eye view for a better understanding of the flow of steel materials including scrap.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the Recovery of Secondary Ferrous Materials from Alternative ELV Treatment Methods on CO2 Emission: A Waste Input Output Analysis

et al. 2011

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“…Studies have looked at specific historical cases of recycling for steel (Yellishetty et al, 2011b) and rare earths (Binnemans et al, 2013) and some models based on end-uses of metals and lifetimes offer projections for scrap arisings (e.g. Melo (1999) for aluminium) and recycling rates (Michaelis and Jackson (2000b) for steel) or environmental impact profiles associated with future rates of scrap recycling (Giurco and Petrie, 2007). Despite the increasing attention given to recycling by the academic community, it still remains an 'add-on' rather than core focus in the management of minerals and metals, with limited systematic future focus.…”

Section: Mineral Futures: Production and Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responsible mineral and energy futures: views at the nexus

Giurco

McLellan

Franks

et al. 2014

Journal of Cleaner Production

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a b s t r a c tIn an era of mineral resource constraints and radical transition in the energy sector, this paper reviews the extent to which a long-term view of production and use is adopted in both sectors. A long-term view including the mineral-energy nexus is deemed to be necessary (although not sufficient) for managing future resource constraints and energy transitions. Alarmingly, it identifies that the future of minerals resources and production is generally viewed only 5e10 years ahead rather than several decades or more as for energy. Additionally, the sectors are generally studied independently, rather than with a focus on the nexus. With these findings as evidence of an unaddressed problem, the paper then focusses on the current forces for change in the minerals industry: namely community drivers regarding social licence to operate, new technologies and consumer and government drivers on responsible minerals. As discussions of sustainable development become displaced by the emerging discourse of 'responsible' minerals, what is adopted and discarded? Whilst responsible minerals considers chain-of-custody, it does not adopt a long-term view and overlooks the mineral-energy nexus. Using three illustrative cases at the nexus of (i) rare earths-renewables, (ii) coal-steel and (iii) uranium-nuclear we extend the theoretical discussion on 'responsible' with a range of contemporary examples from the perspectives of producing (Australia) and consuming countries (Japan, Switzerland) and propose a research agenda for an expanded notion of responsible minerals which recognises the complexity of the mineral-energy nexus and connects it to progressing sustainable futures.

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Material and energy flow through the UK iron and steel sector

Cited by 52 publications

References 8 publications

Toward the efficient recycling of alloying elements from end of life vehicle steel scrap

Toward the efficient recycling of alloying elements from end of life vehicle steel scrap

Impact of the Recovery of Secondary Ferrous Materials from Alternative ELV Treatment Methods on CO2 Emission: A Waste Input Output Analysis

Responsible mineral and energy futures: views at the nexus

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