Material and energy flow analysis for environmental and economic impact assessment of industrial recycling routes for lithium-ion traction batteries

Blömeke, Steffen; Scheller, Christian; Cerdas, Felipe; Thies, Christian; Hachenberger, Rolf; Gonter, Mark; Herrmann, Christoph; Spengler, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134344

Cited by 56 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…First, the currently simplified battery manufacturing energy consumption calculations can be replaced by more sophisticated process models to provide a more accurate energy consumption estimate and explore the impact of more detailed process design parameters (e.g., the relation between cell design and manufacturing energy consumption , or simulating different dry room design scenarios). Second, more detailed models for the material supply chain can be added, such as parameterized or regionalized LCI models of battery material extraction ,, or included secondary supply chains . Third, the BatPaC battery design model can be linked to an electro-chemical model to enhance the technical resolution and explore additional design options and constraints such as battery cycle life .…”

Section: Discussion and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, more detailed models for the material supply chain can be added, such as parameterized or regionalized LCI models of battery material extraction 20 , 80 , 81 or included secondary supply chains. 82 Third, the BatPaC battery design model can be linked to an electro-chemical model to enhance the technical resolution and explore additional design options and constraints such as battery cycle life. 83 Fourth, time-adjusted background inventories can be integrated to explore prospective scenarios such as the impact of future penetration rates of renewable energies 84 or future supply scenarios for raw materials (e.g., secondary market share).…”

Section: Discussion and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Integrated Model to Conduct Multi-Criteria Technology Assessments: The Case of Electric Vehicle Batteries

Baars

Cerdas

Heidrich

2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The large-scale adoption of low-carbon technologies can result in trade-offs between technical, socio-economic, and environmental aspects. To assess such trade-offs, discipline-specific models typically used in isolation need to be integrated to support decisions. Integrated modeling approaches, however, usually remain at the conceptual level, and operationalization efforts are lacking. Here, we propose an integrated model and framework to guide the assessment and engineering of technical, socio-economic, and environmental aspects of low-carbon technologies. The framework was tested with a case study of design strategies aimed to improve the material sustainability of electric vehicle batteries. The integrated model assesses the trade-offs between the costs, emissions, material criticality, and energy density of 20,736 unique material design options. The results show clear conflicts between energy density and the other indicators: i.e., energy density is reduced by more than 20% when the costs, emissions, or material criticality objectives are optimized. Finding optimal battery designs that balance between these objectives remains difficult but is essential to establishing a sustainable battery system. The results exemplify how the integrated model can be used as a decision support tool for researchers, companies, and policy makers to optimize low-carbon technology designs from various perspectives.

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Section: Discussion and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussion and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Model to Conduct Multi-Criteria Technology Assessments: The Case of Electric Vehicle Batteries

Baars

Cerdas

Heidrich

2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Improved sorting and separation techniques, such as artificial intelligence‐based technologies, will streamline recycling operations, enhancing the material purity and quality of the recycled plastics. As the automotive industry invests in these advanced recycling methods, it will significantly reduce the environmental impact of end‐of‐life automobiles 133–135 Energy transition and sustainable powertrains : The transition to sustainable powertrains, such as electric and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, will have far‐reaching implications for the automotive industry's sustainability.…”

Section: Future Perspectives On Sustainability and Recyclabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of plastics in the automotive industry: Current trends and future perspectives

Abedsoltan

2023

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Plastics have transformed the automotive industry, contributing substantially to automobile design, weight reduction, fuel efficiency, safety, and sustainability. This review paper examines the applications of plastics in the automotive sector, evaluates the present trends, and describes the future plastic consumption possibilities, emphasizing emerging technology and sustainable practices. The paper delineates how plastics have become an essential component of automotive innovation and illustrates the possibilities for additional breakthroughs in this dynamic industry.Highlights Advances in plastics, bioplastics, and smart materials in the auto industry. Plastic role in design, safety, and sustainability in the auto industry. Recycling and the circular economy of plastics in the auto industry. Collaboration of stakeholders to drive change in the auto industry.

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“…The performed study focuses on the recycling pre-treatment procedure, considering black mass as the final output under the conditions of the plant located in the Czech Republic. Black mass (BM) represents shredded materials with a significant valuable metal content (such as cobalt, manganese, or nickel); it is typically used for further specialized metal recovery based on pyro-/hydro-metallurgy recycling methods [3]. This paper points out that the varying chemistry of the compared LIBs does not affect the resulting EIs of the recycling pre-treatment procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium-ion (LCO/NMC, NMC, LFP) battery recycling: partial LCA study

Fridrich,

Pražanová,

Weinzettel

et al. 2024

Monatsh Chem

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Recycling lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become increasingly important in response to expanding electromobility. This paper is focused on evaluating the environmental impacts (EIs) of recycling pre-treatment of three types of LIBs with black mass as its product. A detailed gate-to-gate Life Cycle Assessment study was conducted to obtain EIs of the recycling process. The benefits of LIBs recycling pre-treatment and significant recovery of secondary aluminum for compared battery types are highlighted in the analysis. This paper points out that the varying chemistry of the compared LIBs does not affect the resulting EIs of the recycling pre-treatment procedures. Graphical abstract

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Material and energy flow analysis for environmental and economic impact assessment of industrial recycling routes for lithium-ion traction batteries

Cited by 56 publications

References 20 publications

An Integrated Model to Conduct Multi-Criteria Technology Assessments: The Case of Electric Vehicle Batteries

An Integrated Model to Conduct Multi-Criteria Technology Assessments: The Case of Electric Vehicle Batteries

Applications of plastics in the automotive industry: Current trends and future perspectives

Lithium-ion (LCO/NMC, NMC, LFP) battery recycling: partial LCA study

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