Material Analysis for Restoration Application: A case study of The World's First University Mor Yakup Church

KARATAŞ, Lale; Alptekin, Aydın; Yakar, Murat

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2361636/v1

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In the observational and experimental analyses of the structure, it is expected to nd higher salt content, particularly chloride (Cl-) ions, in areas where repairs have been carried out using Portland cement. Hence, after normal cleaning, the process of removing soluble salts should be repeated using a paper pulp compress [51][52][53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Damage assessment and restoration proposal following the 2023 Türkiye earthquakes: UNESCO World Heritage Site Diyarbakır City Walls, Türkiye

KARATAŞ

Bayhan

2023

Preprint

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Diyarbakır City Walls, one of the longest defensive structures in the world, following the Great Wall of China, the walls of Antakya, and the walls of Istanbul, is a UNESCO World Heritage site since 2015. With a history of approximately 5000 years, the Diyarbakır City Walls have been affected by consecutive earthquakes centered in Kahramanmaraş in 2023, resulting in damages to various sections. Urgent restoration and repair interventions are needed for these sections of the Diyarbakır City Walls due to earthquake-induced damages. Although there are limited studies presenting stone analysis of the Diyarbakır City Walls in the literature, no studies focusing on mortar analysis have been found. The objectives of this study are as follows: (I) to identify the mechanisms and factors of earthquake damages in the Diyarbakır City Walls, (II) to conduct necessary analyses for the selection of mortar materials for post-earthquake repairs, and (III) to provide restoration and strengthening recommendations to ensure the sustainability of the original structure. Observational, petrographic, chemical, and SEM analysis techniques were used, and the findings were interpreted comparatively. The results demonstrate that the most severe damages after the earthquake in the Diyarbakır City Walls were caused by the inadequate adhesion of missing mortar joints and different types of materials used between double-walled structures. Additionally, the presence of clay minerals identified in the mineralogy of the mortar through experimental analysis was defined as an internal issue causing the loss of mortar due to osmotic pressure created by water absorption. Another factor causing the loss of mortar is the presence of chloride-type salts, which were found to be present in a significant amount in all samples and were attributed to the use of Portland cement in previous faulty repairs. It was also determined that recent faulty repointing works contributed to the loss of mortar. Finally, this article presents original restoration and strengthening recommendations to repair the earthquake-induced damages and prevent their reoccurrence in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Damage assessment and restoration proposal following the 2023 Türkiye earthquakes: UNESCO World Heritage Site Diyarbakır City Walls, Türkiye

KARATAŞ

Bayhan

2023

Preprint

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“…The study reported that there was a mass loss below 0.3% in other samples. In addition, the various studies is emphasized that the acidity of water tends to increase over time due to atmospheric pollutants in stone structures, which further increases erosion in stones [25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deterioration analysis of historical village house structure in Mersin Kanlıdivane archaeological area by UAV method

KARATAŞ

Dal

2023

Mersin Photogrammetry Journal

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The village house located in the Mersin Kanlıdivane archaeological site is one of the oldest settlements in the ruins, built in the second century. The house is mainly built of a yellowish beige limestone. This stone, which is the main material of the building, shows many deterioration patterns today. The aim of the study is to determine the dominant deterioration pattern of the stones in the village house structure in the Mersin Kanlıdivane archaeological site and to investigate the source of the deterioration. In order to investigate the deterioration patterns in the structure, the images obtained by UAV photogrammetry were interpreted and the types of deterioration were mapped. In the study, it is seen that even the types of material problems based on the smallest detail can be determined based on virtual visual inspection, thanks to UAV photogrammetry, without observing the structure in situ with UAV photogrammetry. The findings obtained in the study shows that the color change and surface loss deterioration on the stone surfaces has reached advanced levels as a result of the structure's exposure to the strong climate-induced sun and water effects for centuries. The results of the study show that the main damage observed on the stone surface of the structure is caused by the erosion by the effect of water. Restoration methods should be tried to stabilize the deterioration and replace the most degraded stones. It is recommended to use water-repellent surface coatings to protect the natural stone, especially against the intense water effect in the building.

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Material Analysis for Restoration Application: A case study of The World's First University Mor Yakup Church

Cited by 2 publications

References 27 publications

Damage assessment and restoration proposal following the 2023 Türkiye earthquakes: UNESCO World Heritage Site Diyarbakır City Walls, Türkiye

Damage assessment and restoration proposal following the 2023 Türkiye earthquakes: UNESCO World Heritage Site Diyarbakır City Walls, Türkiye

Deterioration analysis of historical village house structure in Mersin Kanlıdivane archaeological area by UAV method

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