Material absorption

Supercritical CO2extraction of lipid‐bearing materials and characterization of the products

“…Other potential factors affecting extractability include moisture, particle size and SC-CO2 flow rate (9). Extractions of vegetable seeds with SC-CO2 were run at constant temperature (50 C) and pressure (8,000 psig) while varying the moisture level and particle size.…”

Performance of the nanopost single-photon source: beyond the single-mode model

“…Studies of this class of eigenmodes are plentiful in the literature. [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] 3.1.2. Dipole emission in an infinite structure.…”

Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB

“…Optical fibers are cylindrical waveguides comprising one (or possibly several) cores surrounded by a cladding having a slightly lower refractive index, as shown in Figure 11.1 [44][45][46][47]. A mode is a solution of a wave equation describing a field distribution that propagates in a fiber without changing, except for an overall scaling that describes amplitude and phase changes [44][45][46][47][48][49]. Throughout this chapter, we assume that a fiber supports D propagating modes, including spatial and polarization degrees of freedom.…”

“…In fibers of circular cross section, in the limit of weak guidance (small index difference between core and cladding), the total number of propagating modes can assume a value D = 2, 6, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24, 30,… [49,50, Table 2.2]. In these weakly guiding fibers, there exist groups of modes having degenerate propagation constants or modal indices (including both phase and group indices) [8,49,50, Table 2.2]. When the refractive index difference between core and cladding is non-zero, the degeneracies within each mode group are generally broken slightly.…”