Matched-field processing for broad-band source localization

Abstract

In the Hudson Canyon experiment, a sound source KRAKEN-Wudson Canyon experiment moved at a constant depth in 73 m of water while transmitting four tonals. The signal was received on a vertical array of hydrophones that spanned the water column. The data set from this experiment has become a standard test case for studying source tracking using matched-field processing. As part of that process it was important to first determine a suitable environment model and demonstrate the feasibility of matched-field processing. In this paper, we provide the background on the original data processing that was done to accomplish this. Several interesting results emerged from that study. Frequency averaging was demonstrated to be extremely beneficial when used with the Bartlett processor. However, the popular Minimum Variance processor performed poorly. Finally we discuss a very simple approach to combining the energy coherently that provided significantly improved results.

Advances in Aquatic Target Localization with Passive Sonar

“…A comparison of using time-delays of multipath arrivals with narrowband matched field techniques was done by Blanc-Benon (1995) and Shaoyin and Yudong (1998). MFP has also been adapted for use with broadband signals (Soares andJesus, 2003, Michalopoulou andPorter, 1996). Another variation was developed in two separate papers in which MFP was applied in beam space.…”

Environmental inversion using high-resolution matched-field processing

“…One of the main topics was the debate on incoherent and coherent processors, where it was claimed that using coherent processors would allow for increased sidelobe attenuation in comparison to the incoherent counterparts. [15][16][17][18][19][20] Another possibility would be the employment of high-resolution processors. However, this possibility has not been significantly considered in the past due to the generalized notion that those methods nave weak probabilities of successful application with experimental data due to there high sensitivity to model mismatch.…”

Performance bounds on matched-field methods for source localization and estimation of ocean environmental parameters

“…For a multi-tone, random stationary source, a typical approach is incoherently averaging the ambiguity outputs across frequencies [9,17,51]. Because the sidelobe positions are frequency-dependent, in this way one would expect to average out the sidelobes and thus improve the peakto-sidelobe ratio.…”