Matched Cohort Analysis of Outcomes of Definitive Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Patients

Clinical Presentation and Outcomes of Prostate Cancer in an Urban Cohort of Predominantly African American, Human Immunodeficiency Virus–infected Patients

“…Other authors have suggested that treatment outcomes in HIV-infected patients are similar to the HIV negative general population. 16,17 However, these studies focused on early stage, localized cancer, and our cohort differed in the high proportion of later stage disease. Our results (Figure 1A) showed higher overall mortality among the HIV-infected patients for those with stage III/IV disease compared to those with earlier stage (I/II) disease, a finding consistent with other prostate cancer studies.…”

“…11 Several case reports 12,13 have suggested that prostate cancer in HIV-infected patients may be more aggressive or present at more advanced stages than in the general population. Only small case series 14–17 of HIV-infected patients with prostate cancer have been published to date, with conflicting information about stage of presentation and outcomes. One study recently reported that the risk of distant stage prostate cancer was elevated in the HIV-infected population in the U.S. 18 Possible reasons for more advanced staging at diagnosis include biological differences in the tumors, impaired immune surveillance and cytotoxic killing, and reduced PSA screening in the HIV-infected population leading to delayed presentation.…”

Epidemiology of advanced prostate cancer: Overview of known and less explored disparities in prostate cancer prognosis

“…Both the groups had similar biochemical failure rates, and HIV-positive men had lower radiation toxicity scores than HIV-negative controls. 29 Two additional studies presented case series of HIV-infected patients with prostate cancer. Although no comparisons with HIV-negative populations were performed, these studies demonstrate that Gleason scores were similar to those expected in the general prostate cancer population and there was no evidence that treatment effectiveness was influenced by the HIV status.…”

Good tolerance and long‐term complete remission after definitive intensity‐modulated radiotherapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection: A case report and literature review

“…Neither was viral activity attributable to the decreased CD4 count because HAART successfully led to a marked reduction of the viral load from 4764 copies/mL to 153 copies/mL. Similarly, a consistent decline in CD4 counts during the course of radiotherapy was reported in patients with HIV‐infected prostate and anal cancer . Interestingly, such a decline was not fully explained by bone marrow suppression in the radiation field as patients receiving whole pelvic irradiation had a similar decline with those with prostate‐only irradiation .…”