Mastitis of dairy small ruminants

Bergonier, Dominique; Cremoux, Renée de; Rupp, Rachel; Lagriffoul, Gilles; Berthelot, Xavier

doi:10.1051/vetres:2003030

Cited by 491 publications

(470 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…However, Hogan et al [23] did not find any effect under field conditions and did not support the hypothesis. There are marked differences between cows and ewes: M. haemolytica is a common mastitis agent in sheep, whilst Escherichia coli or Streptococcus uberis are not; ewes suckle their lambs for a period of up to three months, subsequently being hand-milked [3,4]. Therefore, findings from one species should not be directly extrapolated for the other.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The bacterial flora in the teat duct of ewes can protect against and can cause mastitis

et al. 2007

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-We studied the possible effects of bacterial populations within the teat duct, in the pathogenesis of ovine mastitis. In experiment I, 32 ewes were allocated into group A (ewes from which we isolated (+++ growth) coagulase-negative staphylococci), B (ewes from whose duct we isolated (+ growth) coagulase-negative staphylococci) or C (ewes from which we isolated Bacillus spp.) and subdivided into A1, B1, C1 (n = 4; challenged by deposition of 1.250 cfu of Mannheimia haemolytica into the teat duct) or A2, B2, C2 (n = 4; used as uninoculated controls); group D (n = 8) contained ewes with no bacteria in their teat ducts and were challenged as above. There were less bacteriological isolations of flora (P = 0.018) and challenge (P < 0.05) organisms from A1 than from A2 and D ewes; the severity of pathological findings in A1 (summed up score: 27) ewes was smaller than in D (summed up score: 36) ewes (P = 0.038). No such findings were evident with B1 or C1 ewes (P > 0.4). In experiment II, ewes (groups E and F, n = 6) from whose duct we isolated coagulase-negative staphylococci (+ growth) were used; in group G (n = 6) ewes with no bacteria in their teat ducts were included. Teat chapping was applied in E and G ewes. All E ewes developed acute clinical mastitis within 24 h after teat chapping, although we had carried out no challenge; there were more bacteriological isolations of flora organisms from E than from F and G ewes (P < 0.001); the severity of pathological findings in E (score: 28) was greater than in F (score: 3) or G (score: 14) ewes. In experiment III, eight ewes with no bacteria in their teat ducts were allocated into group H or I (n = 4) and challenged into the teat (group H) or into the gland (group I) with 10 6 cfu of a Staphylococcus simulans recovered from the teat duct of a group E ewe. Group H ewes developed transiently clinical followed by subclinical mastitis (based on bacteriological and cytological evidence), whilst group I ewes developed severe clinical disease. We conclude that staphylococcal flora present in high numbers within the teat duct of ewes can afford some protection against invading microorganisms. However with impeded defence mechanisms of the teat, the same flora may invade the mammary parenchyma and cause clinical mastitis. mastitis / sheep / teat / predisposing factor / bacterial flora

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present work, we inoculated bacteriologically positive teats with a M. haemolytica isolate, in order to study possible interactions between the bacterial flora and a confirmed mastitis causal agent [3,4]. Ewes in subgroup A1 and D developed subclinical mastitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The bacterial flora in the teat duct of ewes can protect against and can cause mastitis

et al. 2007

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“…The most frequently isolated pathogens in mastitis of ruminants are staphylococci, and S. aureus is considered a major pathogen responsible for considerable increases in milk leucocyte concentration and clinical mastitis [2,4,18]. Since phagocytosis by neutrophils is an important defense of the mammary gland of ruminants against mastitis-causing bacteria [12,17], the production of leucotoxins may confer on S. aureus an increased capacity to resist host defenses and to settle in the mammary gland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureusleucotoxin LukM/F' is secreted and stimulates neutralising antibody response in the course of intramammary infection

Rainard¹

2007

Vet. Res.

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-Leucotoxins are regarded as virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus, but data supporting their importance in infection are scarce. Experimental infections of the mammary glands of six goats with a leucotoxin-producing strain were used to investigate in vivo production of leucotoxin. Leucotoxin M/F' was monitored in milk as well as antibodies to LukM/F' in serum and milk. Leucotoxin antigen was detected by ELISA in milk samples of two goats. The appearance of neutrophils in these samples showed similarity with the altered appearance of neutrophils incubated with purified LukM/F' leucotoxin. Leucotoxic activity was found in the milk samples of these two goats, in particular those of the only goat which developed gangrenous (necrotic) mastitis, and this activity was inhibited by antibodies to LukM/F'. Increases in specific antibody titers occurred in the serum and milk of infected goats, and neutralizing titers increased in serum. The results indicate that the lukM and lukF' genes were functional in vivo, and actively transcribed and translated in the course of mammary infection. These results suggest that LukM/F' can interfere with neutrophil defense activities during infection, and they prompt further studies to investigate the contribution of leucotoxins to staphylococcal mastitis. Staphylococcus aureus / leucotoxin / mastitis / ruminants

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“…Ovine mastitis is a widespread disease of ewes with significant adverse production effects [7,8]. The disease has not been studied as extensively as that in cows; consequently mechanisms of its pathogenesis have not been clarified and accurate control measures have not been proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teat disorders predispose ewes to clinical mastitis after challenge with Mannheimia haemolytica

et al. 2006

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-In order to study the effects of sheep teat disorders on the protection of the mammary gland, we used a Mannheimia haemolytica isolate, which did not cause clinical mastitis when deposited into intact teats. In the first experiment, this was deposited into the duct of teats with orf (Group A, n = 5) or papilloma (Group B, n = 3). In the second, teats were chapped and then, the organism was deposited into the duct (Group C, n = 7) or on the skin (Group D, n = 4). Ewes with healthy teats were controls (Group E, deposition into duct, n = 5; Group F, deposition on skin, n = 2). The ewes in Groups A, B or C developed clinical mastitis 5 h later, whilst the ewes in Group D developed it 2 d later; no control ewe developed clinical mastitis. In ewes with teat lesions, the organism was isolated from secretion samples and the California Mastitis Test became positive 5 h after challenge; neutrophils and lymphocytes were seen in Giemsa-stained secretion films from Group A or B ewes, whilst macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes in films from Group C or D ewes; neutrophils were predominating in films from Group E or F ewes. Inside the teats of Group A, B, C or D ewes, folds, hyperaemia and mucosal thickness were seen; histologically, subepithelial leucocytic infiltration was seen. In Group A or B ewes, no evidence of lymphoid tissue at the teat duct-cistern border was found. In Group C or D ewes, intense erosion and ulceration of the teat skin and conspicuous lymphoid tissue at the teat duct-cistern border, were evident; lesions characteristic of haemorrhagic mastitis were in the mammary parenchyma. In control ewes, subepithelial leucocytic infiltration in the teat duct and lymphoid tissue as above, were evident. We postulate that teat lesions can be predisposing factor to mastitis, by adversely affecting defences and speeding the process of infection and making it more severe. mastitis / sheep / teat / predisposing factor / orf

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Mastitis of dairy small ruminants

Cited by 491 publications

References 95 publications

The bacterial flora in the teat duct of ewes can protect against and can cause mastitis

The bacterial flora in the teat duct of ewes can protect against and can cause mastitis

Staphylococcus aureusleucotoxin LukM/F' is secreted and stimulates neutralising antibody response in the course of intramammary infection

Teat disorders predispose ewes to clinical mastitis after challenge with Mannheimia haemolytica

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