Mastitis in dairy goats from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: profiles of farms, risk factors and characterization of bactéria

Abstract

The Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais has a specialized goat milk production chain. Goat milk is superior in quality compared with milk of other domestic species, and the demand for milk and milk products for the public has increased. Data on dairy goat breeding in Minas Gerais are scarce and relatively old, and this lack of information has limited the implementation of prophylactic measures, especially for mastitis, which represents the biggest sanitary problem for dairy herds. The objective of this work was to characterize mastitis and bacteria associated with it in milking goats in the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais. It also causes socioeconomic problems and market issues for dairy goat farming. A total of 539 lactating goats were examined and 268 individual samples (one for teat) were collected from animals positive for strip cup test and/or the California Mastitis Test (CMT). Microbiological cultures were carried out on blood agar medium and the bacteria were subjected to phenotypic, genotypic and antimicrobial susceptibility tests. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 28.0% and the clinical prevalence was 2.8%. Bacterial multiplication was obtained in 62% of samples. One hundred eighty seven total bacteria were identified. The most common species identified was Staphylococcus aureus (60%), followed Staphylococcus epidermidis (9.1%,), Escherichia coli (6.9%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (5.9%) e Staphylococcus caprae (4.3%). Bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus presented a profile of resistance to antimicrobials belonging to the beta-lactam class (penicillin, ampicillin and oxacillin) in addition to tetracycline, in contrast to the other antimicrobials tested. Twelve percent of multidrug resistence (MDR) was found in five microregions. Among the bacteria with the highest prevalence of MDR, 38.5% were E. coli and 10.6% were S. aureus. The producers of the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais are technicians who work with specialized dairy breeds and practise good management. However, some measures related to prophylaxis and control of diseases, such as vaccination, have low adherence or are not performed due to a lack of veterinary assistance. This is the first study focusing on this region, which is highly prominent in goat milk production in Brazil. It provides important information that can help in the implementation of measures for the prophylaxis and control of diseases, and for maintenance of a constant supply of products in sufficient quantities and of a quality suitable for the consumer population.

β-lactam resistance in bacteria associated with subclinical mastitis in goats in Thika Subcounty, Kenya

“…We found a higher prevalence of subclinical mastitis than that reported in Northern region, Bangladesh [ 32 ], Tando Jam, Pakistan [ 33 ] and Nigeria [ 34 ]. However, our result was in agreement with that recorded in the Mount Kenya region, Kenya [ 35 ], the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil [ 36 ], and Thika East subcounty [ 21 ]. Fluctuations in the prevalence of mastitis in different geographical regions are attributed to the complexity of the disease resulting from the interaction of several factors, including management and husbandry strategies, geographical distribution, the herd’s health condition, biological agents causing mastitis, and environmental and nutritional conditions as well as the sample size used in the studies [ 34 ].…”

Effects of enrofloxacin treatment on the bacterial microbiota of milk from goats with persistent mastitis

“…The methods were carried out in accordance with the approved guidelines Criteria for selection, treatment of animals and sampling. In this study, only samples from animals belonging to a single herd in the goat sector of the University Federal of Viçosa (Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil), which were diagnosed with PIMI and treated with the antibiotic enrofloxacin, referring to the study carried out by Lima et al 50 , were selected. The healthy control group was selected and the samples were collected at the same time and place.…”

“…We selected 25 samples of goat milk, three samples from healthy controls (H), 11 samples from before treatment (B) and 11 samples from after treatment (A) from the same animals, which showed clinical and bacteriological persistence when properly treated for clinical mastitis in another study 50 with the antibiotic enrofloxacin 1,4,19,51 . The 22 samples, A and B deeply discerned the microbiological cultures, and were identified as having multiple microorganisms.…”

“…The antimicrobial susceptibility tests performed in this study were previously described by Lima et al 50 . Briefly, antibiotic resistance testing was done by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, following the recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 111 .…”

Profiles of Staphyloccocus aureus isolated from goat persistent mastitis before and after treatment with enrofloxacin

“…Thus, 18 isolates of S. aureus were obtained (nine before treatment and nine after treatment). All the isolates were identified by phenotypic (morphostaining and biochemical) and genotypic (femA gene detection by PCR and sequencing) methods [58], and stored at −80°C in microtubes containing Heart Brain Infusion (BHI) broth with 20% glycerol.…”