Master's-Level Students’ Beliefs Concerning the Causes of Poverty, Implicit Racial Attitudes, and Multicultural Competency

Bray, Susan Stewart; Balkin, Richard S.

doi:10.1080/15566382.2013.12033926

Cited by 6 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Toporek and Pope‐Davis () studied counselors' attributions for poverty and found that counselors with more sensitive racial attitudes and more multicultural training attributed poverty to structural causes, whereas counselors with less sensitive racial attitudes and less multicultural training endorsed the belief that poverty is caused by the individual characteristics of the person. Bray and Balkin () found that counselors who rated themselves lower in multicultural competency and had more color‐blind racial attitudes endorsed the belief that poverty is caused by individual characteristics. In our study, counselors who reported less multicultural training also endorsed the belief that poverty is caused by forces internal to the person.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study of master's‐level counseling students, Toporek and Pope‐Davis () found that increased racial sensitivity and multicultural course work were positively correlated with stronger endorsement of the structural explanations for poverty. Bray and Balkin () found that counselors who rated themselves lower in multicultural competency and had more color‐blind racial attitudes endorsed the belief that poverty is caused by individual characteristics. Hunt (, ) indicated that poverty will always be present, and Smith and Stone () wrote about the fatalistic view of poverty.…”

Section: Theoretical Framementioning

confidence: 99%

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School Counselors' Ways of Knowing and Social Orientation in Relationship to Poverty Beliefs

Bray

Schommer‐Aikins

2015

Jour of Counseling & Develop

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The beliefs about poverty, ways of knowing, and social relationship orientation of 513 American School Counselor Association members were evaluated using canonical correlation analysis. Results indicated a relationship between the beliefs that poverty is caused by individuals' internal characteristics, connected knowing, and social hierarchies. A relationship also exists for school counselors who believe that poverty is caused by external factors, use a combination of connected and separate knowing, and embrace social equality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Framementioning

confidence: 99%

School Counselors' Ways of Knowing and Social Orientation in Relationship to Poverty Beliefs

Bray

Schommer‐Aikins

2015

Jour of Counseling & Develop

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“…Cammarota (2011) reported that instead of acknowledging historical and contemporary institutional inequities that create intergenerational disparities in cultural capital, White people often erroneously explain racial inequalities by attributing character flaws to people of color (POC). Additionally, Bray and Balkin (2013) noted that counselors who have fused and unintegrated racial identity development may impede the process of counseling with ineffective or harmful practices that locate the source of a problem within the individual, ignoring discriminatory systemic causes. Burkard and Knox (2004) also found therapists’ levels of color‐blind racial attitudes were positively correlated with rating African American clients as more responsible for solving their own problems, which may be detrimental for clients experiencing discrimination and oppression.…”

Section: Color‐blind Racial Attitudesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Color-blind Racial Attitudesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color‐Conscious Multicultural Mindfulness Training in the Counseling Field

Lenes

Swank

Hart

et al. 2020

Jour of Counseling & Develop

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The Color‐Conscious Multicultural Mindfulness (CCMM) training focuses on addressing intercultural relationship ruptures, individual inequity, and systemic disparities. In this randomized control study, the authors examined the CCMM training effectiveness with 39 prelicensed counselors and counseling students using repeated measures analyses of covariance. Participants reported statistically significant changes in multicultural competence; mindfulness; and color‐blind racial attitudes related to privilege, institutional discrimination, and blatant racism. Implications for counselor training practices and future research are provided.

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“…The purpose of this study was to replicate and improve upon previous counselorpoverty research (Bray & Balkin, 2013;Bray & Schommer-Aikins, 2015), which measured complex constructs and identified relationships between color-blind racial attitudes, counselors' perceptions of why people are poor, and multicultural competence (perceived knowledge and awareness). Building upon Bray and associates' work (Bray & Balkin, 2013;Bray & Schommer-Aikins, 2015), with counseling students, the outcome of this study will expand knowledge for school counselor practitioners, educators, supervisors, and other educational stakeholders. By replicating work and adding new predictor variables such as school counselors' personal experience with poverty (as measured by qualifying for free and reduced lunch and/or Pell Grant), this study builds upon the poverty, multicultural counseling, and racial attitudes literature in counseling.…”

Section: Purpose Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship among school counselors' perceptions of poverty, color-blind racial attitudes, and multicultural counseling competencies : a formula for change makers.

Sowell¹

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Mom and dad, wow, we did it! You never signed up for this commitment, but you've been with me in my heart and mind every step of the way. Without you and your guidance as I've grown, I would be nowhere. Thank you for raising me the way you did and the acceptance you taught. I am passionate about equity and working to eliminate barriers because of you and the way you both view the world-and passed on to me. Life has not always been easy for you both, most recently especially, but you look for good, humor, and positives in most everything you do. Mom, we miss you more than words could ever describe and know you are smiling down and pointing the sun towards us each and every day. Dad, you are a strong man who I hope to match in strength and love shown to Trajan. Thank you for being my parents, making sacrifices, and putting our family first in everything you have ever done. I love you! My baby sister, Delaney, I am so proud of you and all you do-including all there is to come. The world is in front of you, and I push you to find your passion and strive to make change in this world! You've changed my life in so many ways since joining our family, and I would be only half the person I am without you. I love you more than anything and will continue to be here as the world unfolds in front of you, through good and bad! When life gets you down, somehow you show strength of someone three times older than you. Keep that strength and resilience and know nothing can stand in the way of your dreams! You amaze me, and I cherish you and our friendship. You're the best, Punks, I love you! Joe, you are the best brother and I am thankful for the courage, strength, and optimism you show each day. I have worked most of my life to be like you, while also vi trying to figure out who I am. The way I see the world has so much of you in it, I hope I make you proud! I love you! Additionally, I have a long list of family and "family" to thank. Aunt Linda and Tyler, the world has not been fair to us, yet we continue to strive for greatness or at least to get out of bed each day. Thank you for being my people! Jessica, you have been my beautiful escape from everything, including school. All our laughter brings joy to my world, and I am thankful for you ever single day! Cliff, you are the best father-in-law I could have asked for. Our deep discussions allow me to grow, and your support is felt and much appreciated! Kish, Katelyn, and Quentin, my combined cohort, I love each of you and would not be here without you. Your guidance, support, and allowance for my meltdowns have been everything I've needed. I am proud to call you colleagues but even more proud to call each of you friends. Joni and Georgia, thanks for helping me become a school counselor many years ago and for all of our good times helping some of the best students and families. Without you two, I'm not sure education is something I would have stuck with! Nancy Cunningham, you were at the very beginning of my journey and allowed me to see the awesome identity faculty members can st...

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Master's-Level Students’ Beliefs Concerning the Causes of Poverty, Implicit Racial Attitudes, and Multicultural Competency

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

School Counselors' Ways of Knowing and Social Orientation in Relationship to Poverty Beliefs

School Counselors' Ways of Knowing and Social Orientation in Relationship to Poverty Beliefs

Color‐Conscious Multicultural Mindfulness Training in the Counseling Field

Relationship among school counselors' perceptions of poverty, color-blind racial attitudes, and multicultural counseling competencies : a formula for change makers.

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