Mast seeding in Abies balsamea, Acer saccharum and Betula alleghaniensis in an old growth, cold temperate forest of north‐eastern North America

Houle, Gilles

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00352.x

Cited by 93 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Favourable climate conditions driven by synoptic weather patterns have been identified as triggers of regionally synchronous pulses of high seed production (e.g., 'mast' years; Koenig and Knops 1998). All seven species in this study exhibit masting dynamics that are hypothesized to be the result of some combination of warm, dry conditions in the growing seasons up to two years prior to cone development (see examples for our study species in Woodward et al 1994, Houle 1999, Sirois 2000, Krebs et al 2012, Bisi et al 2016, Gallego Zamorano et al 2018. However, documentation of seed production in mast years requires long time series and our study design was insufficient to assess controls over mast years.…”

Section: Seed Production Does Not Beget Viable Seed Available For Dismentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Temperature directly contributes to annual fluctuations in viable seed production of northern tree species through its influence on the initiation and development of each step in the reproductive cycle (cone initiation, pollination, fertilization, and embryo maturation; Houle andFilion 1993, Krebs et al 2012). The position of the treeline ecotone has been explicitly linked to temperature limitations (Timoney et al 1992, Sveinbjörnsson et al 2002, Körner 2012, and we expect that climate constraints should be apparent across ecotonal boundaries in most years, regardless of annual fluctuations in productivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reproduction as a bottleneck to treeline advance across the circumarctic forest tundra ecotone

et al. 2018

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The fundamental niche of many species is shifting with climate change, especially in sub-arctic ecosystems with pronounced recent warming. Ongoing warming in sub-arctic regions should lessen environmental constraints on tree growth and reproduction, leading to increased success of trees colonising tundra. Nevertheless, variable responses of treeline ecotones have been documented in association with warming temperatures. One explanation for time lags between increasingly favourable environmental conditions and treeline ecotone movement is reproductive limitations caused by low seed availability. Our objective was to assess the reproductive constraints of the dominant tree species at the treeline ecotone in the circumpolar north. We sampled reproductive structures of trees (cones and catkins) and stand attributes across circumarctic treeline ecotones. We used generalized linear mixed models to estimate the sensitivity of seed production and the availability of viable seed to regional climate, stand structure, and species-specific characteristics. Both seed production and viability of available seed were strongly driven by specific, sequential seasonal climatic conditions, but in different ways. Seed production was greatest when growing seasons with more growing degree days coincided with years with high precipitation. Two consecutive years with more growing degree days and low precipitation resulted in low seed production. Seasonal climate effects on the viability of available seed depended on the physical characteristics of the reproductive structures. Large-coned and -seeded species take more time to develop mature embryos and were therefore more sensitive to increases in growing degree days in the year of flowering and embryo development. Our findings suggest that both moisture stress and abbreviated growing seasons can have a notable negative influence on the production and viability of available seed at treeline. Our synthesis revealed that constraints on predispersal reproduction within the treeline ecotone might create a considerable time lag for range expansion of tree populations into tundra ecosystems.

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Section: Seed Production Does Not Beget Viable Seed Available For Dismentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproduction as a bottleneck to treeline advance across the circumarctic forest tundra ecotone

et al. 2018

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“…Masting (synchronised reproduction of individuals, Houle 1999, Shibata et al 2002 leads to large year-to-year variation in seed production in aspen (El-Ghazaly et al 1993, Barnes et al 1998. Masting and variable weather conditions in different years could partly explain the differences in seed yield between the years in our experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of temperature on seed quality and quantity in crosses between European (Populus tremula) and hybrid aspens (P. tremula x P. tremuloides)

Koivuranta¹,

Latva-Karjanmaa²,

Pulkkinen³

2012

Silva Fenn.

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Koivuranta, L., Latva-Karjanmaa, T. & Pulkkinen, P. 2012. The effect of temperature on seed quality and quantity in crosses between European (Populus tremula) and hybrid aspens (P. tremula × P. tremuloides). Silva Fennica 46(1): 17-26.Hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. × Populus tremuloides Michx.) plantations are expanding in Fennoscandia and the Baltic countries; however, the possible effects of plantations on the native European aspen (P. tremula) and the level of gene flow between European and hybrid aspen have not been investigated. We studied seed quantity and quality in intraspecific and interspecific crosses of the European and hybrid aspens over a two year period. In order to study whether elevated temperatures due to climate change would benefit the species differently, we performed the crosses in different temperatures. In both years, interspecific crosses produced more seeds with higher quality than intraspecific crosses. This result was most distinct in crosses between female hybrid aspen and male European aspen. In higher temperatures, relative germination difference between hybrid aspen seeds and seeds from P. tremula × P. tremula crosses seems to increase. These results suggest that hybrid aspen may have a significant genetic impact on the European aspen, and this effect may be strengthened by climate warming.

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“…Elle est aussi gouvernée par les conditions climatiques qui prévalent lors de la floraison. L'occurrence d'une année semencière nécessite un printemps chaud et sec l'année précédente pour produire des réserves de carbohydrates et de nutriments minéraux (Morris 1951), et un été humide lors de la maturation des graines (Houle 1999). Les cônes maturent tout l'été et la dissémination des graines par le vent se produit tard en août pour se poursuivre tout l'hiver, jusqu'au printemps suivant (Frank 1983).…”

Section: Reproductionunclassified

“…Le groupe des cohortes de 1994 représente encore 9 % des semis après 12 ans de suivi, soit 3 individus m" , alors que la cohorte de 1995 représente 5 % de la banque de semis, soit 1,7 serai m" Pendant une année semencière, une bonne partie des graines peuvent être vides en raison d'un manque de pollinisation (Houle 1999, Cavers 1983. Des graines étaient peutêtre détruites par les conditions environnementales, la prédation, le parasitisme des cônes, le froid, la dessiccation et les attaques microbiennes (Cavers 1983).…”

Section: Présentation Des Cohortes Présentes En 2006unclassified

Dynamique de la banque de semis de sapin baumier (abies balsamea) sous couvert forestier :

Simard¹

2010

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Mast seeding in Abies balsamea, Acer saccharum and Betula alleghaniensis in an old growth, cold temperate forest of north‐eastern North America

Cited by 93 publications

References 42 publications

Reproduction as a bottleneck to treeline advance across the circumarctic forest tundra ecotone

Reproduction as a bottleneck to treeline advance across the circumarctic forest tundra ecotone

The effect of temperature on seed quality and quantity in crosses between European (Populus tremula) and hybrid aspens (P. tremula x P. tremuloides)

Dynamique de la banque de semis de sapin baumier (abies balsamea) sous couvert forestier :

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