Mast cells participate in chronic low‐grade inflammation within adipose tissue

Żelechowska, Paulina; Agier, Justyna; Kozłowska, Elżbieta; Brzezińska‐Błaszczyk, Ewa

doi:10.1111/obr.12670

Cited by 68 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…The excessive fat accumulation promotes a state of a systemic chronic low-grade inflammation, a condition characterized by an increased secretion of pro-inflammatory factors caused by the augmented number of adipocytes and immune cells in adipose tissue (18). Furthermore, obesity is associated with alterations in the functionality of several immune cells, like macrophages, B and T lymphocytes, mast cells, and natural killer (NK) cells (19)(20)(21)(22). cytokines and chemokines (25,26).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity-Associated Alterations of Natural Killer Cells and Immunosurveillance of Cancer

et al. 2020

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Obesity is accompanied by a systemic chronic low-grade inflammation as well as dysfunctions of several innate and adaptive immune cells. Recent findings emphasize an impaired functionality and phenotype of natural killer (NK) cells under obese conditions. This review provides a detailed overview on research related to overweight and obesity with a particular focus on NK cells. We discuss obesity-associated alterations in subsets, distribution, phenotype, cytotoxicity, cytokine secretion, and signaling cascades of NK cells investigated in vitro as well as in animal and human studies. In addition, we provide recent insights into the effects of physical activity and obesity-associated nutritional factors as well as the reduction of body weight and fat mass on NK cell functions of obese individuals. Finally, we highlight the impact of impaired NK cell physiology on obesity-associated diseases, focusing on the elevated susceptibility for viral infections and increased risk for cancer development and impaired treatment response.NK cells are large granular lymphocytes that mediate rapid innate immunity against viruses, bacteria, parasites, and tumor cells without prior sensitization. NK cells primarily develop and mature in the bone marrow, migrate through the bloodstream, and seed into secondary lymphoid organs, like thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes as well as in other peripheral tissues, like lung, liver, kidney, uterus, and the gastrointestinal tract (23). In blood, NK cells represent 1-6% of all leukocytes and comprise up to 15% of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Human NK cells have been defined by the expression of adhesion molecule CD56 and by the absence of the T cell marker CD3. Based on their expression level of CD56 and the Fcγ receptor CD16, NK cells are subdivided into different subpopulations. The two major and classically defined subsets are the CD56 dim CD16 bright NK cells and the CD56 bright CD16 dim/neg NK cells. CD56 dim CD16 bright NK cells represent about 90% of all NK cells and are predominantly found in peripheral blood (24). They are mostly responsible for cytotoxic activity and target cell killing but are also a source of pro-inflammatory Abbreviations: ACM, adipocyte-conditioned media; Adamts3, a disintegrin-like and metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 3; AdipoR, adiponectin receptor; Anxa8, annexin A8; AT, adipose tissue; Bax, Bcl-2-associated X protein; Bcl, B-cell lymphoma; BMI, body mass index; CCR, CC chemokine receptor; Csf1r, colony stimulating factor 1 receptor; CX3CR1, C-X3-C-motif chemokine receptor 1; DNAM-1, DNAX accessory molecule-1; ESR, estrogen receptor; FasL, Fas ligand; IFN-γ, interferon; GM-CSF; granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor; H6pd, hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; Hk2, hexokinase 2; IL, interleukinIL-6R; interleukin-6 receptor; Il18rap, interleukin 18 receptor accessory protein; IP-10, interferon gamma-induced protein 10; JAK, Janus kinase; KIR, killer immunoglobulin-like receptor; Klra1, killer lectin-like receptor subfamil...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity-Associated Alterations of Natural Killer Cells and Immunosurveillance of Cancer

et al. 2020

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“…In particular, it is worth noting that MCs are present in the adipose tissue, and their number in individuals with obesity is notably increased. Furthermore, increasing evidence suggest that MCs are involved in low‐grade inflammation within adipose tissue, a state accompanying obesity . Hence, data obtained in this study could imply that the involvement of MCs in obesity‐related low‐grade inflammation might be affected by adipocytokines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Furthermore, increasing evidence suggest that MCs are involved in low-grade inflammation within adipose tissue, a state accompanying obesity. 28 Hence, data obtained in this study could imply that the involvement of MCs in obesity-related low-grade inflammation might be affected by adipocytokines. Further studies regarding the impact of leptin, adiponectin, and also other adipocytokines, on MC activity in inflammation as well as other pathological processes, are needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Importantly, MCs are widely recognized as primary effector cells of inflammatory processes, as they affect different stages of inflammation, including its initiation and maintenance, as well as its resolution. Hence, they are involved in both acute and chronic as well as low‐grade inflammation …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, they are involved in both acute and chronic as well as low-grade inflammation. [26][27][28] Considering the significant involvement of MCs in the course of inflammation, and at the same time bearing in mind that adipocytokines have a strong influence on inflammatory processes, it seems to be of great importance to establish whether those factors modulate MC activity. There is currently a lack of data showing the immediate outcome of leptin and adiponectin on those cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adipocytokines leptin and adiponectin function as mast cell activity modulators

et al. 2019

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Summary A growing body of data indicates that adipocytokines, including leptin and adiponectin, are critical components not only of metabolic regulation but also of the immune system, mainly by influencing the activity of cells participating in immunological and inflammatory processes. As mast cells (MCs) are the key players in the course of those mechanisms, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of leptin and adiponectin on some aspects of MC activity. We documented that in vivo differentiated mature tissue MCs from the rat peritoneal cavity express a receptor for leptin (OB‐R), as well as receptors for adiponectin (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2). We established that leptin, but not adiponectin, stimulates MCs to release of histamine as well as to generation of cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) and chemokine CCL2. We also found that both adipocytokines affect mRNA expression of various cytokines/chemokines. Leptin and adiponectin also activate MCs to produce reactive oxygen species. Moreover, we documented that leptin significantly augments the surface expression of receptors for cysLTs, i.e. CYSLTR1, CYSLTR2, and GPR17 on MCs, while adiponectin increases only GPR17 expression, and decreases CYSLTR2. Finally, we showed that both adipocytokines serve as potent chemoattractants for MCs. In intracellular signaling in MCs activated by leptin Janus‐activated kinase 2, phospholipase C, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K), extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK1/2), and p38 molecules play a part whereas the adiponectin‐induced activity of MCs is mediated through PI3K, p38, and ERK1/2 pathways. Our observations that leptin and adiponectin regulate MC activity might indicate that adipocytokines modulate the different processes in which MCs are involved.

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Extracellular Matrix (ECM) and Fibrosis in Adipose Tissue: Overview and Perspectives

Sun

Scherer

2023

Comprehensive Physiology

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Mast cells participate in chronic low‐grade inflammation within adipose tissue

Cited by 68 publications

References 95 publications

Obesity-Associated Alterations of Natural Killer Cells and Immunosurveillance of Cancer

Obesity-Associated Alterations of Natural Killer Cells and Immunosurveillance of Cancer

Adipocytokines leptin and adiponectin function as mast cell activity modulators

Extracellular Matrix (ECM) and Fibrosis in Adipose Tissue: Overview and Perspectives

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