Mast Cells and Skin and Breast Cancers: A Complicated and Microenvironment-Dependent Role

Hanes, Mark Robert; Giacomantonio, Carman A.; Marshall, Jean S.

doi:10.3390/cells10050986

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 191 publications

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“…By tissue remodeling, Mast cells promoting vessel formation through constitutive and immunologically mediated release of angiogenic substances such as VEGF-A, CXCL16, Endothelin-1, GM-CSF, CXCL8, and CCL2. So Mast cells play an important role in tumor development and immune therapy [15]. Thus, the positive in uence of NXNL1 on BC are consistence with the role of higher abundance of NK cells and Mast cells, which indicates a possible mechanism where NXNL1 effects the overall survival of BC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased expression of NXNL1 in breast cancer associated with favorable prognostic and high level of immune infiltration.

Gao

2022

Preprint

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Objective: Nucleoredoxin Like 1 (NXNL1) is a protein coding gene. Diseases associated with NXNL1 include Retinitis Pigmentosa. However, the roles of NXNL1 in cancer remain unknown. Methods: The expression of NXNL1 was interpreted by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Genotype Tissue-Expression (GTEX) database. Analysis of NXNL1 genomic alterations and protein expression in human cancer tissues was analyzed by the cBioPortal database and human multiple organ tissue arrays. The correlations between NXNL1 expression and survival outcomes, clinical features, and immune-associated cell infiltration were analyzed using the TCGA, ESTIMATE algorithm, and TIMER databases. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was applied to elucidate the biological function of NXNL1 in pan-cancer. We evaluated the influence of NXNL1 on survival of BC patients by survival module. Then, data sets of Breast Cancer were downloaded from TCGA. The correlations between clinical information and NXNL1 expression were analyzed using logistic regression. Clinicopathologic characteristics associated with overall survival in TCGA patients using Cox regression. In addition, we explored the correlation between NXNL1 and cancer immune infiltrates using CIBERSORT and “Correlation” module of GEPIA. Results: The differential analysis showed that the level of NXNL1 mRNA expression was upregulated in 23 tumor types compared with normal tissues, which was consistent with its protein expression in most cancer types. The abnormal expression of NXNL1 could predict the survival outcome of patients with breast cancer (BC). The expression of NXNL1 was related to the infiltration levels of various immune-associated cells in breast cancer by TIMER database mining and ESTIMATE algorithm. wherein NXNL1 expression used as the categorical dependent variable, indicated that increased NXNL1 expression is significantly correlated with ER status, PR status, and HER2 status. Moreover, univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that the up-regulated NXNL1 expression is independent prognostic factors for good prognosis. Specifically, a positive correlation between increased NXNL1 expression and immune infiltrating level of the abundance of B cells, Neutrophils, Mast cells and NK cells was established using CIBERSORT analysis. Furthermore, we confirmed it in “correlation” module of GEPIA. Conclusion: Our results suggest that NXNL1 is a potential molecular biomarker for predicting patient prognosis, and immunoreaction in Breast Cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased expression of NXNL1 in breast cancer associated with favorable prognostic and high level of immune infiltration.

Gao

2022

Preprint

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“…CAF induce the differentiation of tumor-associated mast cells (MC), which are known to induce angiogenesis and modulate chronic inflammation [ 136 ] and potentially cancer cell growth [ 165 ].…”

Section: Immune Cell Dynamics and Car-t Anticancer Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer-Homing CAR-T Cells and Endogenous Immune Population Dynamics

Guerra

Pietro

Basile

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy is based on patient blood-derived T cells and natural killer cells, which are engineered in vitro to recognize a target antigen in cancer cells. Most CAR-T recognize target antigens through immunoglobulin antigen-binding regions. Hence, CAR-T cells do not require the major histocompatibility complex presentation of a target peptide. CAR-T therapy has been tremendously successful in the treatment of leukemias. On the other hand, the clinical efficacy of CAR-T cells is rarely detected against solid tumors. CAR-T-cell therapy of cancer faces many hurdles, starting from the administration of engineered cells, wherein CAR-T cells must encounter the correct chemotactic signals to traffic to the tumor in sufficient numbers. Additional obstacles arise from the hostile environment that cancers provide to CAR-T cells. Intense efforts have gone into tackling these pitfalls. However, we argue that some CAR-engineering strategies may risk missing the bigger picture, i.e., that a successful CAR-T-cell therapy must efficiently intertwine with the complex and heterogeneous responses that the body has already mounted against the tumor. Recent findings lend support to this model.

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“…Neoplastic B cells may also modify the activities of mast cells such as recruitment and activation. This is in addition to a multitude of less B cell specific interactions between mast cells and tumours that occur in tumour settings (94)(95)(96)(97). For example, Fischer et al (98) have shown that neoplastic cells from Hodgkin's Lymphoma secrete CCL5 at sites of infiltration to recruit mast cells.…”

Section: Mast Cell/b Cell Interaction and Co-localisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mast Cell Modulation of B Cell Responses: An Under-Appreciated Partnership in Host Defence

2021

Self Cite

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Mast cells are well known to be activated via cross-linking of immunoglobulins bound to surface receptors. They are also recognized as key initiators and regulators of both innate and adaptive immune responses against pathogens, especially in the skin and mucosal surfaces. Substantial attention has been given to the role of mast cells in regulating T cell function either directly or indirectly through actions on dendritic cells. In contrast, the ability of mast cells to modify B cell responses has been less explored. Several lines of evidence suggest that mast cells can greatly modify B cell generation and activities. Mast cells co-localise with B cells in many tissue settings and produce substantial amounts of cytokines, such as IL-6, with profound impacts on B cell development, class-switch recombination events, and subsequent antibody production. Mast cells have also been suggested to modulate the development and functions of regulatory B cells. In this review, we discuss the critical impacts of mast cells on B cells using information from both clinical and laboratory studies and consider the implications of these findings on the host response to infections.

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Mast Cells and Skin and Breast Cancers: A Complicated and Microenvironment-Dependent Role

Cited by 21 publications

References 191 publications

Increased expression of NXNL1 in breast cancer associated with favorable prognostic and high level of immune infiltration.

Increased expression of NXNL1 in breast cancer associated with favorable prognostic and high level of immune infiltration.

Cancer-Homing CAR-T Cells and Endogenous Immune Population Dynamics

Mast Cell Modulation of B Cell Responses: An Under-Appreciated Partnership in Host Defence

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