“…Besides, Huang and Yang (2014) investigated effects of English proficiency and gaming experience on incidental vocabulary acquisition in a MMORPG and found that vocabulary was more noticed by learners with medium gaming experience in gaming requirement condition, and was more perceived by learners with higher English proficiency in flashcard condition. Apart from above-mentioned studies focusing on vocabulary development in playing MMORPGs, many studies have demonstrated the positive effects of MMORPGs on developing basic language skills such as FL listening ability ( Hu and Chang, 2007 ), speaking ability ( Lai and Wen, 2012 ), production of narratives ( Colby and Colby, 2008 ; Neville, 2010 , 2015 ), communicative competence ( Wu and Richards, 2012 ; Berns et al, 2013 ), and communicative skills, together with learners’ listening, reading, and writing skills ( Suh et al, 2010 ). In addition, Hsu (2015) reported that the MMORPG has long-term effects on developing learners’ incremental intelligence (i.e., accumulated intelligence through hard work) which was significantly related to their performance on standardized language test.…”