Massive transfusion in dogs: 15 cases (1997–2001)

Abstract

Results suggest that massive transfusion is possible and potentially successful in dogs. Predictable changes in electrolyte concentrations and platelet count develop.

Bleeding Disorders

“…Fibrinogen is the first factor to become critically reduced. 67 Prolongation of PT and aPTT occurs in human patients after replacement of two blood volumes. 62 The resultant hypofibrinogenemia decreases thrombin formation and fibrin polymerization, decreasing the speed, strength, and stability of clot formation.…”

“…62 The resultant hypofibrinogenemia decreases thrombin formation and fibrin polymerization, decreasing the speed, strength, and stability of clot formation. 67 Fibrinolysis is affected by hemodilution. The magnitude of effect is determined by the severity of the hypofibrinogenemia and the type of resuscitative fluid used.…”

Hematologic Disorders

“…Patients administered large doses of blood products may also develop hypocalcemia (ionized calcium < 1.2 mmol l −1 ) as a result of the citrate anticoagulant in blood products. 22 Hypocalcemia can precipitate cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension, and exacerbate coagulopathy. Calcium may be supplemented intravenously as follows: 5-15 mg kg −1 of elemental calcium or 50-150 mg kg −1 of 10% calcium gluconate over a 10-20-min period, while monitoring heart rate and rhythm via electrocardiogram.…”

Blood Transfusion and Blood Substitutes

“…16,62,97 Patients receiving massive transfusions of stored blood may develop specific abnormalities. 16,62,97 Patients receiving massive transfusions of stored blood may develop specific abnormalities.…”