Massive polarons in large-energy-gap polymers

McCall, R. P.; Ginder, J. M.; Roe, M. G.; Asturias, G.E.; Scherr, E. M.; MacDiarmid, Alan G.; Epstein, A. J.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.39.10174

Cited by 77 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In contrast to other conducting polymers, the presence of the nitrogen nuclear in the PANI backbone stipulates the phenyl ring rotation near the polymer main X-axis and, therefore, leads to unique properties of this polymer [5]. Two main conceptions of charge transfer in doped PANI are now considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

EPR study of polyaniline highly doped by p-toluenesulfonic acid

Krinichnyi

Roth

Schrödner

et al. 2006

Polymer

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

EPR study of polyaniline highly doped by p-toluenesulfonic acid

Krinichnyi

Roth

Schrödner

et al. 2006

Polymer

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“…This absorption is associated with a ring rotation polaron trapped adjacent to a quinoid ring. This trapped ring rotation polaron is readily observed in the photoexcitation spectra of emeraldine base [24,33]. Comparison of the magnitude of the photoinduced ir active vibrations and electronic absorption confirms the large mass of the photoexcited defects.…”

Section: 5mentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Photoexcitation of LEB films and powders with superbandgap light leads to new intragap absorptions centered at 0.7 eV and 2.9 eV [24,33]. This photoinduced absorption has been described in terms of formation of a ring rotation polaron [24][25][26]33.…”

Section: 5mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electronic Phenomena in Polyanilines

Epstein

MacDiarmid

1991

Frontiers of Polymer Research

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" 4-.-* "o t W*enar.Se. ovoclumng tite toll %C e.qqef uf~oms. seao" *mast" oat* sow. M )~~ :V;wUn..on Of 'AtOrmaw"n Wf COM"tt% regarcm" tft %~ Mummaq or on ote *WW't of t"- SPONSORING: MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADIESS(ES D~higmtku Unimiled ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)Polyanilines have been known for over one hundred years. Recent studies of this chemically flexible polymer have demonstrated unusual chemical, electrical, and optical phenomena, both in insulating forms and conducting forms. Polyaniline has three stable insulating forms, leucoemeraldine base (LEB), emeraldine base (EB), and pernigraniline base (PNB). These three forms exhibit differing phenomena ranging from intramonomer luminescing excitons and ring rotation polarons in LEB, to nonluminescing charge transfer excitons and also ring rotational polarons in EB, to a degenerate ground state with bond order parameter solitons and ring order parameter polarons in PNB. The LEB form can be p-doped (oxidatively doped), the EB form can be protonic acid doped and the PNB form can be n-doped (reductively doped) to form conducting systems. Charge conduction studies of oriented films and fibers demonstrate that three-dimensional order between chains is critical for high conductivities. The ability to derivatize polyaniline at ring and nitrogen positions allows one to test concepts for the control of conductivity as well as improved processing. 92-

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“…It forms spherical micelles above the CMC (0⋅00001 mole in solvent) and produces rod shape micelles below the CMC (Olivera et al 2006;Jun and Ki 2009). The conductivity also depends *Author for correspondence (soraya@eng.ukm.my) on the morphology and degree of crystallinity (McCall et al 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of surfactants in synthesis of CsH2PO4 as protonic conductive membrane

et al. 2011

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Cesium dihydrogen phosphate (CDP) powders were synthesized by cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB), polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene (F-68) and mixture of both surfactants F-68 : CTAB with two molar ratios 0⋅06 and 0⋅12 as surfactant solutions at room temperature. The synthesized CsH 2 PO 4 is characterized by ICP, XRD, TEM, SEM, FT-IR, BET and IS techniques. Based on the width of the (011) XRD diffraction peak and BET measurement, the average size of nanoparticles was ~ 10 nm in diameter, while the TEM images indicate smaller size than both techniques. The analysis reveals existence of P and Cs with mole ratio 1⋅02 ± 0⋅03 which is compatible to molar ratio CsH 2 PO 4 formula. The experimental results show that the conductivities increase in the order of CDP CTAB > CDP (F-68 : CTAB)0.12 > CDP (F-68:CTAB)0.06 > CDP F-68 . The sequence of increasing conductivity is in accordance with the ion exchange capacities of the samples that has direct proportional effect on the proton mobility of samples. Indeed CTAB as cationic surfactant shows the highest proton mobility in the as-obtained samples.

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Massive polarons in large-energy-gap polymers

Cited by 77 publications

References 27 publications

EPR study of polyaniline highly doped by p-toluenesulfonic acid

EPR study of polyaniline highly doped by p-toluenesulfonic acid

Electronic Phenomena in Polyanilines

Effect of surfactants in synthesis of CsH2PO4 as protonic conductive membrane

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