Massive outbreaks of Noctiluca scintillans blooms in the Arabian Sea due to spread of hypoxia

Gomes, Helga do Rosário; Goés, Joaquim I.; Matondkar, S.G.P.; Buskey, Edward J.; Basu, Subhajit; Parab, Sushma G.; Thoppil, Prasad G.

doi:10.1038/ncomms5862

Cited by 159 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This can enhance marine habitat variability and hence strongly impact local ecosystem community structure. The rich, yet fragile, west Arabian Sea ecosystem faces already several local and large-scale stressors such as harmful algal blooms, surface warming and ocean acidification (e.g., de Moel et al, 2009;Gomes et al, 2014;Roxy et al, 2016). Habitat changes associated with wind-driven O 2 perturbations in the upper ocean could add to these stressors and lead to profound ecosystem changes.…”

Section: Implications For Habitatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensification and deepening of the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone in response to increase in Indian monsoon wind intensity

2018

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Abstract. The decline in oxygen supply to the ocean associated with global warming is expected to expand oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). This global trend can be attenuated or amplified by regional processes. In the Arabian Sea, the world's thickest OMZ is highly vulnerable to changes in the Indian monsoon wind. Evidence from paleorecords and future climate projections indicates strong variations of the Indian monsoon wind intensity over climatic timescales. Yet, the response of the OMZ to these wind changes remains poorly understood and its amplitude and timescale unexplored. Here, we investigate the impacts of perturbations in Indian monsoon wind intensity (from −50 to +50 %) on the size and intensity of the Arabian Sea OMZ, and examine the biogeochemical and ecological implications of these changes. To this end, we conducted a series of eddy-resolving simulations of the Arabian Sea using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) coupled to a nitrogen-based nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplanktondetritus (NPZD) ecosystem model that includes a representation of the O 2 cycle. We show that the Arabian Sea productivity increases and its OMZ expands and deepens in response to monsoon wind intensification. These responses are dominated by the perturbation of the summer monsoon wind, whereas the changes in the winter monsoon wind play a secondary role. While the productivity responds quickly and nearly linearly to wind increase (i.e., on a timescale of years), the OMZ response is much slower (i.e., a timescale of decades). Our analysis reveals that the OMZ expansion at depth is driven by increased oxygen biological consumption, whereas its surface weakening is induced by increased ventilation. The enhanced ventilation favors episodic intrusions of oxic waters in the lower epipelagic zone (100-200 m) of the western and central Arabian Sea, leading to intermittent expansions of marine habitats and a more frequent alternation of hypoxic and oxic conditions there. The increased productivity and deepening of the OMZ also lead to a strong intensification of denitrification at depth, resulting in a substantial amplification of fixed nitrogen depletion in the Arabian Sea. We conclude that changes in the Indian monsoon can affect, on longer timescales, the large-scale biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen and carbon, with a positive feedback on climate change in the case of stronger winds. Additional potential changes in large-scale ocean ventilation and stratification may affect the sensitivity of the Arabian Sea OMZ to monsoon intensification.

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Section: Implications For Habitatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensification and deepening of the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone in response to increase in Indian monsoon wind intensity

2018

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“…suggests proliferation of the species by influx of oxygendeficient waters at the surface due to anthropogenic perturbations in neighbouring regions 1 . N. scintillans species are heterotrophic dinoflagellates which often form red or green tides in the coastal and open oceans 2 .…”

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“…For several thousand years plants have been used to treat human disorders, for relieving pain, as beautification products, as detergents as well as bathing soap and shampoo 1 . In Southeast Asia, herbal healthcare products are highly popular and the plant-based Indian Ayurvedic products have a considerable and continuously increasing market share around the world 2 .…”

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Revisiting the <i>Noctiluca scintillans</i> Paradox in Northern Arabian Sea

Prakash¹,

Roy²,

Lotliker³

2017

Current Science

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“…Episodic problems with seawater quality due to, e.g., harmful algae blooms [2,3] and oil spills, energy supply and fear of The ASR plant is thus not a normal ASR system, which is exclusively composed of wells performing two tasks: infiltrate and recover [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations and Prediction of Recovered Quality of Desalinated Seawater in the Strategic ASR Project in Liwa, Abu Dhabi

Stuyfzand

Smidt²,

Zuurbier

et al. 2017

Water

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Abstract:To be able to overcome water shortages, Abu Dhabi Emirate started an Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) project with desalinated seawater (DSW) as source water near Liwa. It is the largest DSW-ASR project in the world (stored volume~10 Mm 3 /year), and should recover potable water for direct use. DSW is infiltrated into a desert dune sand aquifer using "sand-covered gravel-bed" recharge basins. In this study, we evaluate the hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical stratification of the (sub)oxic target aquifer, and water quality changes of DSW during trial infiltration runs. We predict water quality changes of DSW after 824 d of infiltration, during 90 d of intensive recovery (67% recovered) without storage (scenario A), as well as after 10 years of storage (scenario B, with significant bubble drift). Monitoring of preceding trials revealed a lack of redox reactions; little carbonate dissolution and Ca/Na exchange; much SiO 2 dissolution; a strong mobilization of natural AsO 4 3− , B, Ba, F, CrO 4 2− , Mo, Sr and V from the (sub)oxic aquifer; and immobilization of PO 4 , Al, Cu, Fe and Ni from DSW. The Easy-Leacher model was applied in forward and reverse mode including lateral bubble drift, to predict water quality of the recovered water. We show that hydrogeochemical modeling of a complex ASR-system can be relatively easy and straightforward, if aquifer reactivity is low and redox reactions can be ignored. The pilot observations and modeling results demonstrate that in scenario A recovered water quality still complies with Abu Dhabi's drinking water standards (even up to 85% recovery). For scenario B, however, the recovery efficiency declines to 60% after which various drinking water standards are exceeded, especially the one for chromium.

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Massive outbreaks of Noctiluca scintillans blooms in the Arabian Sea due to spread of hypoxia

Cited by 159 publications

References 30 publications

Intensification and deepening of the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone in response to increase in Indian monsoon wind intensity

Intensification and deepening of the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone in response to increase in Indian monsoon wind intensity

Revisiting the <i>Noctiluca scintillans</i> Paradox in Northern Arabian Sea

Observations and Prediction of Recovered Quality of Desalinated Seawater in the Strategic ASR Project in Liwa, Abu Dhabi

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