Massive Machine-Type Communications: An Overview and Perspectives Towards 5G

Abstract

This paper provides an overview of the development and possible use-case scenarios of the new generation of mobile communication systems known as Next Generation Mobile Network (NGMN). As predicted, current exploitation of the fourth generation mobile communication systems (4G) will reach 50 billion connected devices by 2020. Expectations are that its successor, currently developing fifth generation (5G), is going to be operable by 2020. This new generation of mobile communication systems tends to become a technology platform that will enable the development of new applications, business models, industries, such as massive machine-type communications. This will be possible primarily through the creation of acceptable ecosystem that could provide a massive machine-type communication using a single platform based on the Internet of Things (IoT) concept. NGMN enables the integration of all so far known and used machine-type communications, creating an environment of smart cities and a fully networked society under the new concept of Internet of Everything (IoE). However, such network also poses specific performance requirements reflected through higher transmission speeds, higher data volumes, reduced energy consumption, higher quality of service, and growth in the number of services and users of currently deployed mobile generation.

The Impact of Using Modern Information and Communication Equipment and Services on Driving Safety

“…They have been improving the world with their progress for almost four decades now. At present, the development of MCS is directed by the Internet of Everything (IoE) concept, moving towards complete connectivity for all things and objects from the daily life and creating a society which is absolutely connected as a whole [14]. MCS development has been followed by that of terminal devices (TD).…”

“…IC services on the move, which were until recently limited to smartphones, will gradually introduce devices such as smart watches and smart glasses. This will result in the use of dozens of devices per person [14,16]. With the social development and the creation of an entirely new ecosystem this obvious progress will result in an increase of driver distraction factors.…”

“…TDs, which are currently considered as portable or nomadic devices while in a vehicle (devices that are not integrated into the vehicle) [22], will be fully integrated in the vehicle which will participate as a private facility in the Internet of Things (IoT) concept. Some projections consider that the figure of 30 to 50 billion networked devices, vehicles, and things will be reached until 2021 [14,18]. Predictions are that all services and applications (location-based services, instant messaging applications, etc.…”

“…Predictions are that all services and applications (location-based services, instant messaging applications, etc. ), which are currently used on various TDs and are acceptable as distraction factors, will indeed become a constant, rather than secondary phenomenon in vehicles [11,14,23].…”

Innovative Application of 5G and Blockchain Technology in Industry 4.0

“…very large amount of data in order to provide the user with an adequate service or access to information. [4]. Some of the challenges and fundamental issues arising from the implementation of Industry 4.0, according to [5], are given as:…”