Massive extinction treatment attenuates the renewal effect

Denniston, James C.; Chang, Raymond Chuen‐Chung; Miller, Ralph R.

doi:10.1016/s0023-9690(02)00508-8

Cited by 109 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…The balance of one over the other might be affected by the number of conditioning and/or extinction trials as well as their relative proportion. In support of this, rodent work on renewal suggests that massive extinction learning attenuates renewal effects as compared to moderate extinction (Denniston et al 2003).…”

Section: Number Of Extinction Trials/amount Of Extinction Successmentioning

confidence: 89%

A review on human reinstatement studies: an overview and methodological challenges

et al. 2014

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In human research, studies of return of fear (ROF) phenomena, and reinstatement in particular, began only a decade ago and recently are more widely used, e.g., as outcome measures for fear/extinction memory manipulations (e.g., reconsolidation). As reinstatement research in humans is still in its infancy, providing an overview of its stability and boundary conditions and summarizing methodological challenges is timely to foster fruitful future research. As a translational endeavor, clarifying the circumstances under which (experimental) reinstatement occurs may offer a first step toward understanding relapse as a clinical phenomenon and pave the way for the development of new pharmacological or behavioral ways to prevent ROF. The current state of research does not yet allow pinpointing these circumstances in detail and we hope this review will aid the research field to advance in this direction. As an introduction, we begin with a synopsis of rodent work on reinstatement and theories that have been proposed to explain the findings. The review however mainly focuses on reinstatement in humans. We first describe details and variations of the experimental setup in reinstatement studies in humans and give a general overview of results. We continue with a compilation of possible experimental boundary conditions and end with the role of individual differences and behavioral and/or pharmacological manipulations. Furthermore, we compile important methodological and design details on the published studies in humans and end with open research questions and some important methodological and design recommendations as a guide for future research.

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Section: Number Of Extinction Trials/amount Of Extinction Successmentioning

confidence: 89%

A review on human reinstatement studies: an overview and methodological challenges

et al. 2014

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“…35 Thus, rather than learning that 'now the cue is no longer paired with the shock', the animal learns that 'now, in this place, the cue is no longer paired with the shock'. There is some debate as to whether renewal may be mitigated by overtraining of extinction 36,37 or extinction in multiple contexts. [38][39][40][41] Spontaneous recovery.…”

Section: Behavioral and Theoretical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of fear extinction

2006

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Excessive fear and anxiety are hallmarks of a variety of disabling anxiety disorders that affect millions of people throughout the world. Hence, a greater understanding of the brain mechanisms involved in the inhibition of fear and anxiety is attracting increasing interest in the research community. In the laboratory, fear inhibition most often is studied through a procedure in which a previously fear conditioned organism is exposed to a fear-eliciting cue in the absence of any aversive event. This procedure results in a decline in conditioned fear responses that is attributed to a process called fear extinction. Extensive empirical work by behavioral psychologists has revealed basic behavioral characteristics of extinction, and theoretical accounts have emphasized extinction as a form of inhibitory learning as opposed to an erasure of acquired fear. Guided by this work, neuroscientists have begun to dissect the neural mechanisms involved, including the regions in which extinction-related plasticity occurs and the cellular and molecular processes that are engaged. The present paper will cover behavioral, theoretical and neurobiological work, and will conclude with a discussion of clinical implications. Molecular Psychiatry (2007) 12, 120-150.

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“…Thus, there is little basis on which to predict retroactive interference after separate reinforcement of A and B. It could be argued that a substantially greater number of reinforced A and B trials in the interference stage might have produced some interference in the present experiments (e.g., Denniston, Chang, & Miller, 2003;Tamai & Nakajima, 2000). Given this, it would be prudent to withhold judgment on the question of whether complex negative patterning discriminations are completely resistant to inference after excitatory conditioning of A and B.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%