Massive boson‐fermion degeneracy and the early structure of the universe

Abstract

The existence of a new kind of massive boson-fermion symmetry is shown explicitly in the framework of the heterotic, type II and type II orientifold superstring theories. The target space-time is two-dimensional. Higher dimensional models are defined via large marginal deformations of JJ-type. The spectrum of the initial undeformed two dimensional vacuum consists of massless boson degrees of freedom, while all massive boson and fermion degrees of freedom exhibit a new Massive Spectrum Degeneracy Symmetry (MSDS) . This precise property, distinguishes the MSDS theories from the well known supersymmetric SUSY -theories. Some proposals are stated in the framework of these theories concerning the structure of: (i) The Early Non-singular Phase of the Universe, (ii) The two dimensional boundary theory of AdS 3 Black-Holes, (iii) Plausible applications of the MSDS theories in particle physics, alternative to SUSY.

Resolution of Hagedorn singularity in superstrings with gravito-magnetic fluxes

“…When both radii are at the fermionic radius, each of the left-moving bosons X 0 L and X 1 L is equivalent to two leftmoving real fermions. Together with ψ 0 and ψ 1 , these generate an SO(4) L ∼ SU(2) 2 × SU(2) 2 current algebra on the left side of the world-sheet [20][21][22][23]. Similarly we have a right-moving (2) 2 current algebra.…”

Niemeier Lattices in the Free Fermionic Heterotic–String Formulation

“…The much larger symmetry structure is obtained in compactifications to two dimensions and gives rise to 24-dimensional lattices. Reference [24] alluded to possible similarities with the Massive Spectrum boson-fermion Degeneracy Symmetry (MSDS) [25,26], which arises from a basic Jacobi-like identity in 24 dimensions. The compactifications to two dimensions are connected to 24-dimensional lattices and the symmetries of those are related to the so-called moonshine symmetries.…”

Aspects of String Cosmology

“…Under the Z 2 symmetry (−1) F R the right-moving R sector changes sign. This pattern of asymmetric susy breaking leads to extended symmetry points, when the internal radii are at the fermionic point [31][32][33][34][35][36]. At finite temperature, such points in moduli space are preferred, with the moduli participating in the breaking of the right-moving supersymmetries being stabilized at the extended symmetry point values [51].…”

“…In the left-moving sector, the group of 8 fermions are described in terms of the SO(8) characters, Despite the breaking of the right-moving supersymmetries, this sector exhibits Massive Spectrum Degeneracy Symmetry (MSDS) [35]. This degeneracy is broken at the right-moving massless sector, a fact that leads to the breaking of the right-moving supersymmetries.…”

“…The first class consists of string gas cosmologies associated to certain special, thermal configurations of type II N = (4, 0) models [31][32][33]. Finite temperature is introduced along with non-trivial "gravito-magnetic" fluxes that lift the Hagedorn instabilities of the canonical ensemble and restore thermal T-duality symmetry [34][35][36] 1 . The cosmological evolutions describe bouncing Universes, with the bounce occurring at a stringy extended symmetry point.…”